영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

The term green premium ①describes the extra cost that consumers must pay when they choose an environmentally friendly product or energy source over a conventional, cheaper alternative. For example, an electric vehicle or solar-powered appliance ②often carries a higher price tag than its gasoline-powered or coal-based counterpart, even though it produces fewer emissions over time. This price gap frequently discourages shoppers who support sustainability in principle but cannot justify the additional expense within a limited household budget. In contrast, wealthier consumers can absorb the premium more easily, ③which creates unequal participation in green markets. To narrow this gap, governments have introduced subsidies and tax credits ④that lower upfront costs, while companies invest in research to make clean technologies cheaper to manufacture. As production scales up and innovation continues, many economists expect the green premium ⑤to shrinking steadily, eventually making sustainable choices the more affordable option for most consumers.

Scientists have identified certain gene variants that appear ①less frequently among elite endurance athletes than among the general population, along with a separate set that seems to favor explosive, power-based sports such as sprinting. One frequently studied variant, for instance, influences the proportion of slow-twitch versus fast-twitch muscle fibers a person naturally develops, a ratio that ②shapes whether a body leans toward endurance or explosive power. However, researchers caution strongly against interpreting these findings as evidence that athletic greatness is simply ③inherited. Even athletes who carry every favorable variant identified so far still require years of ④disciplined training to translate that genetic potential into actual performance. Genetics may set a rough ceiling on an individual's ultimate potential, but where any particular athlete lands within that range depends overwhelmingly on training quality, nutrition, coaching, and sheer ⑤determination.

Influencer marketing has become one of the most powerful tools that companies use to reach young consumers. Unlike traditional advertisements, which often feel distant and impersonal, posts created by influencers seem more like advice from a trusted friend. This sense of closeness, built through years of sharing daily life online, makes followers more willing to trust product recommendations than ordinary commercials. For example, a skincare brand promoted by a popular lifestyle influencer can sell out within hours simply because her audience believes her opinions are honest. Consumers are becoming more ①careless, checking whether reviews are sponsored before making a purchase. In the end, influencer marketing works best when it ②stays ③grounded in ④authenticity rather than mere ⑤popularity.

Behavioral economists use the term status quo bias to describe a tendency to prefer the present situation over a new alternative, even when the alternative would bring greater benefits. This bias helps explain why many households hesitate to switch to renewable energy, such as installing solar panels on their roofs. Although solar panels can lower electricity bills over time, homeowners often stick with their current power source because it feels safe and requires no immediate effort. In contrast, switching demands research, upfront cost, and trust in unfamiliar technology, all of which can seem risky compared with doing nothing. For example, a neighborhood association might repeatedly postpone a vote on shared solar panels, not because the plan is flawed, but because members are reluctant to leave their routine. Therefore, boosting renewable adoption may depend less on proving its advantages and more on _______________.

Travelers who cross several time zones in a single flight often arrive feeling exhausted, foggy, and strangely out of sync with the local clock, a condition widely known as jet lag. The discomfort arises because the body's internal clock continues to run on the schedule of the departure city even after landing. Realigning this internal clock to a new time zone is not instantaneous; researchers estimate that the body typically needs about one day to adjust for every time zone crossed. Flying eastward tends to produce more severe symptoms than flying westward, because _______________. Exposure to natural light at the right moments after arrival can help speed up the adjustment, since light is the strongest external cue the internal clock uses to reset itself.

For decades, athletes were taught to stretch a muscle and hold the position before any competition, believing that this practice alone would prevent injury. Recent research, however, has complicated that assumption considerably, since static stretching, in which a muscle is held at its longest length for an extended period, can actually _______________. Dynamic stretching, which involves controlled, repeated movement through a joint's full range of motion, appears to prepare muscles for activity without this problem.

Have you ever noticed your mood shifting after scrolling through a friend's gloomy post online? This phenomenon, known as emotional contagion, refers to the tendency of one person's feelings to spread to others nearby, almost like a cold passing between classmates. However, researchers have discovered that emotional contagion also occurs online, where only text or images are exchanged, without any physical presence at all. For instance, when someone posts a negative comment beneath a cheerful photo, the comments that follow often turn noticeably more negative in tone. In contrast, a single kind comment can shift an entire thread toward positivity within minutes. This suggests that emotions online spread through carefully chosen words alone. Consequently, many experts now argue that ___________.

Greenwashing has become a common strategy among companies eager to appear environmentally responsible. (A) For example, a company might use a green logo or the word "eco" without changing its actual production methods at all. (B) In contrast, genuine sustainability requires real changes, such as reducing waste or using renewable energy sources. (C) Often, this involves marketing language that suggests care for the planet while offering little real evidence.

Introducing cobots into a factory requires careful planning to ensure both safety and productivity. (A) Once installed, however, cobots must be closely monitored, since their sensors can occasionally malfunction in noisy or crowded environments. (B) Engineers must first program the robots to recognize the exact boundaries of each worker's movement space. (C) After this initial setup, cobots can be integrated gradually, starting with simple tasks before taking on more complex ones.

Anyone who has ridden a bicycle after a decade away from one has likely experienced muscle memory firsthand: the body seems to recall a complex skill almost instantly, even when conscious memory of the exact movements has faded. (A) Interestingly, research also suggests that these neural pathways can remain partially intact even after long periods without practice, which is why relearning a skill is typically much faster than learning it for the very first time. (B) Contrary to what the name suggests, muscles themselves do not actually store memories; the phenomenon originates in the brain and nervous system, where repeated practice gradually shifts control of a movement from conscious regions to areas that operate largely automatically. (C) This shift explains why a skilled athlete can execute a complicated sequence of movements without consciously thinking through each individual step, freeing mental attention for strategy and decision-making instead.