영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

An echo chamber refers to an online environment where people are mainly ①exposed to opinions that already match their own beliefs. This phenomenon occurs because social media algorithms tend to ②recommending content similar to what users have previously liked or shared, gradually narrowing the range of perspectives they encounter. As a result, individuals inside an echo chamber rarely engage with viewpoints ③that challenge their existing assumptions, which allows their original beliefs to grow increasingly extreme over time. For example, someone who frequently reads articles supporting one political party may begin to see the opposing party as entirely unreasonable, ④having never seriously considered its arguments. Political polarization, a significant issue in many countries today, is often ⑤linked to this pattern of selective exposure.

Psychologist Roy Baumeister proposed a concept ①called ego depletion theory, which suggests that willpower functions like a muscle that gradually tires after repeated use. According to this theory, every act of self-control, from resisting a snack to concentrating on difficult homework, ②draws from the same limited mental resource. As this resource becomes depleted throughout the day, later decisions ③require more effort and are more likely to fail. For instance, someone who exercises discipline avoiding distractions all morning may struggle ④to resist checking a phone by evening. Likewise, dieters report that self-control weakens sharply at night, after hours of resisting food. Some researchers argue that short breaks, adequate sleep, and blood sugar levels can help restore this depleted resource. Although later studies have questioned how strong this effect is, the theory still ⑤offer a useful framework for understanding why willpower seems to fade throughout a long day.

Among strategies for improving ①concentration, the Pomodoro Technique remains one of the most widely recommended methods for students and workers. This technique involves working with full attention for twenty-five minutes, then taking a short five-minute break before starting the next session. After completing four of these cycles, a longer break of fifteen to thirty minutes is usually taken to allow mental ②recovery. The method assumes that sustained focus becomes harder to maintain as time passes, so frequent short breaks prevent mental ③fatigue from building up. Students preparing for exams report finishing reading assignments faster when they follow this structured rhythm instead of studying without interruption. Office workers find that dividing large projects into short, timed intervals makes overwhelming tasks feel more ④manageable. Because each interval has a clear start and end, procrastination becomes ⑤more tempting, since beginning a single twenty-five-minute session requires less commitment than beginning an entire project.

VO2 max, defined as the maximum volume of oxygen a person's body can consume and use during intense exercise, is widely regarded as one of the best single indicators of cardiorespiratory fitness. Elite endurance athletes typically post VO2 max values far ①higher than those of untrained individuals, reflecting hearts that pump larger volumes of blood and muscles that extract oxygen from that blood with remarkable efficiency. While genetics accounts for a substantial portion of an individual's potential VO2 max, consistent aerobic training can still ②raise the measurement considerably over months of dedicated effort. Interval training, which alternates short bursts of near-maximal effort with periods of recovery, has proven particularly ③effective at improving this measurement compared to steady, moderate-intensity exercise alone. It is worth noting, however, that a high VO2 max does not guarantee success in competition, since factors such as running economy, pacing strategy, and mental resilience also play a ④decisive role in determining who actually crosses the finish line first. These additional factors remain ⑤irrelevant to overall performance.

When Daniel was a child, he dreamed of becoming an astronaut, yet he assumed such careers belonged only to a handful of government scientists. During an internship, he helped design a small satellite intended to monitor crop health from orbit, a project that combined engineering with agricultural science. He realized that ___________. After graduation, Daniel joined a startup developing lunar landing equipment, a job that barely existed when he first imagined his future career.

To compensate for their carbon emissions, many individuals and companies now purchase carbon offsets, financial credits that fund projects such as planting trees or building renewable energy plants. The idea is appealing: paying for an equivalent amount of carbon to be absorbed elsewhere should cancel out the harm caused by activities like flying. However, critics argue that this system often functions as _______________. For example, a newly planted forest may take decades to absorb the promised carbon, and it could later burn down or be cut, erasing any benefit. Moreover, some offset projects would have happened anyway, meaning the credits fund nothing truly additional. Therefore, relying heavily on offsets allows businesses to maintain harmful practices while appearing responsible. Experts insist that offsetting should complement, not replace, direct reductions in fossil fuel use if the strategy is to remain credible.

Even a modest level of dehydration, as little as two percent of body weight lost through sweat, can measurably reduce an athlete's endurance and cognitive sharpness during competition. (A) Dehydration also impairs the body's ability to regulate its own temperature, since sweating is the primary mechanism for releasing excess heat during intense exercise. (B) As fluid levels drop, blood volume decreases, forcing the heart to work harder to deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles, which accelerates fatigue. (C) Athletes competing in hot, humid conditions therefore face a particularly difficult balance, since sweating heavily to stay cool simultaneously depletes the very fluids needed to sustain performance.

The gap between popular belief and scientific evidence about habit formation has surprised many researchers. (A) This finding suggests that people who quit a new habit after only three weeks may simply be giving up too early, not failing at the habit itself. (B) Their results showed that habits took an average of sixty-six days to become automatic, far longer than the widely repeated twenty-one-day figure. (C) To test how long habit formation truly takes, scientists asked volunteers to track a new daily behavior for several months.

주어진 문장: For patients in isolated regions, this convenience can mean the difference between receiving care and going without it. Telemedicine, which allows patients to consult doctors through video calls rather than in-person visits, has expanded rapidly since its early adoption. ( ① ) Supporters argue that this approach saves patients considerable time and makes healthcare accessible to people living in remote areas without nearby hospitals. ( ② ) It has also created new career opportunities, since healthcare providers now need staff skilled in digital communication and remote diagnostic technology. ( ③ ) However, critics contend that virtual appointments cannot fully replace physical examinations, which remain essential for detecting certain conditions. ( ④ ) They also worry that elderly patients unfamiliar with technology may struggle to access these services effectively. ( ⑤ ) Despite such concerns, most healthcare experts believe telemedicine will continue to grow.

주어진 문장: This explains why progress often feels rapid and motivating during the earliest days of learning something new. The twenty-hour rule proposes that years of practice are not needed to become skilled at a new activity. ( ① ) Only about twenty hours of effort are needed to reach a useful level. Unlike theories claiming true mastery requires ten thousand hours, this rule targets a more modest goal. That goal is simple competence for everyday use. ( ② ) According to supporters, practicing any new skill produces the fastest visible improvement, since a beginner has room to grow. ( ③ ) Someone learning guitar can typically strum simple chords and follow a basic song within twenty hours of daily practice. ( ④ ) Likewise, a language learner may soon order food or ask directions without years of formal study. ( ⑤ ) Advocates emphasize that the twenty hours must be deliberate and focused, broken into short daily sessions rather than one long stretch. The hours should be aimed at fixing weaknesses rather than repeating what one already knows.