영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Many people believe that ①building a new habit requires strong willpower or motivation. However, psychologist BJ Fogg argues that habits form more easily when a behavior itself ②become simple to perform. His theory, called the Fogg Behavior Model, states that a behavior happens only when motivation, ability, and a prompt ③occur together. When motivation is low, the model suggests, the task must ④be made extremely easy, or it will not happen at all. For instance, a person who wants to exercise daily succeeds more often by committing to one push-up than to a long workout. Fogg calls this idea the law of least effort, since people naturally choose the option ⑤requiring the least energy.

Secondhand trading platforms, once considered a niche market for used goods, have grown into a mainstream part of consumer culture. Rising prices for new products, combined with growing awareness of environmental waste, have encouraged many shoppers to consider used items before purchasing something brand new. These platforms allow individuals to sell clothing, electronics, and furniture directly to other consumers, cutting out traditional retail markups entirely. For younger buyers especially, purchasing secondhand items has become associated with resourcefulness rather than financial necessity, ①change how such purchases are perceived socially. To ②address this problem, many platforms now ③offer buyer protection programs and detailed rating systems for sellers. As trust in these systems continues to grow, secondhand trading is ④expected to ⑤expand even further in the coming years.

Choice architecture refers to how decisions are ①designed. It determines which option is automatically selected unless a person chooses otherwise, ②known as the default option. Research consistently shows that people tend to stick with whatever is already set, even when changing it takes only seconds. Organ donation is a well-known example. Countries ③which citizens are automatically registered as donors unless they opt out show much higher donation rates than opt-in countries. Retirement savings programs show a similar pattern, since employees ④automatically enrolled in a pension plan rarely cancel it. Voluntary sign-ups, in contrast, often delay indefinitely. Critics argue that default options can be manipulated to benefit companies, so transparency about how defaults are chosen becomes essential, and supporters insist it should be designed ⑤to support people's long-term interests.

Influencer marketing has become one of the most powerful tools that companies use to reach young consumers. Unlike traditional advertisements, which often feel distant and impersonal, posts created by influencers seem more like advice from a trusted friend. This sense of closeness, built through years of sharing daily life online, makes followers more willing to trust product recommendations than ordinary commercials. For example, a skincare brand promoted by a popular lifestyle influencer can sell out within hours simply because her audience believes her opinions are honest. Consumers are becoming more ①careless, checking whether reviews are sponsored before making a purchase. In the end, influencer marketing works best when it ②stays ③grounded in ④authenticity rather than mere ⑤popularity.

Jina used to fill her apartment with items she rarely used, believing that owning more things would make her ①happier. After moving twice within a single year, she grew ②energized from packing boxes filled with clothes she had never worn and gadgets she had forgotten she owned. Gradually, however, she noticed that her small apartment felt ③calmer and easier to manage. She also realized that she spent significantly ④less money once she stopped buying things impulsively to fill emotional gaps. Jina's story reflects a broader trend among young adults who increasingly value experiences and simplicity over ⑤accumulating possessions.

Mira grew up in a small village where fishing and farming had sustained her family for generations. (A) International organizations, however, still struggle to agree on how to protect people like her, since climate migrants are not officially recognized as refugees under current law. (B) Mira missed her old house terribly, yet she slowly began to build a new life in the crowded city, learning to adapt just as her ancestors once had. (C) When the sea finally swallowed the rice paddies that had fed her village for generations, her parents decided that staying was no longer possible. Together with many neighbors, they packed what little they could carry and moved inland, becoming what experts now call climate migrants, people forced to abandon their homes because of rising seas, droughts, or other disasters. This term, rarely used a decade ago, has become increasingly common as extreme weather displaces communities worldwide.

Many economists have studied how automation affects different sectors of the economy, and their research reveals a consistent pattern. (A) For example, manufacturing plants that adopted robotics saw production speed double within five years, while the number of routine assembly jobs fell sharply. (B) As a result, workers today are encouraged to develop skills that complement machines rather than compete with them, such as creativity and critical thinking. (C) At first, automation mainly affected repetitive manual tasks in manufacturing, but it has since spread into administrative and even creative fields.

주어진 문장: Creating a convincing avatar, in other words, is far more complex than simply choosing a picture. The metaverse, a network of interconnected virtual worlds, has begun to generate job opportunities that did not exist just a few years ago. ( ① ) Companies now hire virtual world designers who build digital environments where users can socialize, shop, or attend events. Avatar designers create digital identities that represent users within these spaces, blending artistic skill with technical programming knowledge. ( ② ) Meanwhile, virtual event planners organize concerts, conferences, and product launches entirely within online platforms, reaching audiences that would be impossible to gather in person. ( ③ ) Some analysts remain skeptical, pointing out that the metaverse has not yet attracted the massive user base that early predictions promised. ( ④ ) Nevertheless, major companies continue investing heavily in this technology. ( ⑤ ) For students considering future careers, gaining skills in three-dimensional design and coding may prove valuable.

주어진 문장: This gap between expectation and reality is not caused by laziness, but by a predictable pattern in how people think about the future. The planning fallacy describes the tendency to underestimate how long a task will take, even when experience suggests otherwise. ( ① ) Psychologists who studied this bias found that people focus mainly on an idealized, best-case version of a project. They focus less on how similar projects actually unfolded before. ( ② ) A student who insists an essay takes two hours, despite needing five hours for every previous essay, shows a clear instance of the fallacy. ( ③ ) Large construction projects offer another example. Officials frequently predict completion dates that later prove far too optimistic once delays appear. ( ④ ) One reason this bias persists is that people rarely review their history of missed deadlines, relying instead on hopeful imagination. ( ⑤ ) Some researchers recommend a technique called reference class forecasting, comparing a new task to similar completed tasks. By anchoring predictions to real outcomes, planners can produce estimates that are considerably more accurate.

주어진 문장: She was surprised at how little willpower this required once the routine became familiar. Minji had tried for years to build a bedtime reading habit but always forgot once under the blanket. ( ① ) During summer, she found a method called habit stacking. It means attaching a new habit to an existing one so it acts as a reminder. ( ② ) Her existing habit was brushing her teeth every night, so she decided to place her book beside her toothbrush. ( ③ ) After brushing her teeth, she would pick up the book, letting one action trigger the next. ( ④ ) Within two weeks, opening the book after brushing felt almost automatic, requiring no conscious effort. ( ⑤ ) Encouraged by this success, Minji stacked another habit onto her morning routine, reviewing vocabulary words after making her bed.