영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Researchers who ①study teenagers have found a strong link between how well students sleep and how well they perform in school. Students who sleep fewer than seven hours a night tend to score lower on tests of memory and attention than those who ②sleep eight or nine hours, even when the two groups study for the same number of hours. One explanation is that sleep plays an active role in learning: during certain stages of sleep, the brain replays and strengthens information ③encountered during the day, converting fragile short-term memories into more durable long-term ones. When sleep is cut short, this consolidation process is interrupted before it can finish, so material that seemed well understood the night before often ④feel unfamiliar the next morning. For this reason, some schools have begun rethinking early start times, reasoning that an extra hour of sleep might do more for test scores than an extra hour of studying ever ⑤could.

For decades, athletes were taught to stretch a muscle and hold the position before any competition, ①believing that this practice alone would prevent injury. Recent research, however, has complicated that assumption considerably. Static stretching, in which a muscle ②is held at its longest length for an extended period, can actually reduce the muscle's ability to generate explosive force immediately afterward. Dynamic stretching, which involves controlled, repeated movement through a joint's full range of motion, ③appears to prepare muscles for activity without this temporary weakening effect. As a result, many coaches now recommend ④to save static stretching for after a workout, when it may help restore muscle length and reduce soreness, while ⑤reserving dynamic movements for the warm-up period before intense effort begins.

Generation Z, typically defined as those born between the late 1990s and early 2010s, approaches shopping quite differently from previous generations. Having grown up with smartphones and social media, they research products extensively online before making even small purchases. Unlike older generations, who often valued brand loyalty above all else, many members of Generation Z prioritize a company's values, switching brands easily if one no longer matches their beliefs. They also tend to favor secondhand and resale platforms, viewing sustainability as an important factor rather than an afterthought. Peer recommendations shared through short videos frequently carry more weight than traditional celebrity endorsements. Businesses that fail to adapt to these preferences risk losing an entire generation of potential customers. Consequently, many companies now ___________.

Secondhand trading platforms, once considered a niche market for used goods, have grown into a mainstream part of consumer culture. Rising prices for new products, combined with growing awareness of environmental waste, have encouraged many shoppers to consider used items before purchasing something brand new. These platforms allow individuals to sell clothing, electronics, and furniture directly to other consumers, cutting out traditional retail markups entirely. However, buying secondhand carries certain risks, since items cannot always be inspected closely before purchase, and some sellers misrepresent the condition of their products. To address this problem, many platforms now offer buyer protection programs and detailed rating systems for sellers. As trust in these systems continues to grow, ___________.

Online advertising has become increasingly personalized as algorithms analyze user behavior in real time. (A) Critics, however, warn that this precision can be used to exploit psychological weaknesses rather than genuinely help consumers. (B) Supporters claim that this precision benefits users by reducing the number of irrelevant advertisements they encounter. (C) Given these opposing views, many experts call for greater transparency about how such algorithms actually operate.

Emotions can spread from one person to another without a single word being spoken face to face. (A) For example, a cheerful comment posted early in a thread often encourages later commenters to write in a similarly positive tone. (B) Recently, however, psychologists have found that this same spreading effect happens even online, through text and images alone. (C) This means that a single post can shape the emotional tone of an entire online conversation.

Because the keyboard nudges people toward its own suggestions, some linguists worry that autocomplete may be quietly narrowing everyday vocabulary. Long before a user finishes typing a sentence, the keyboard on most smartphones has already begun guessing what word comes next. ( ① ) This feature relies on a language model trained to notice which words commonly follow one another, so it can offer a shortlist of likely candidates above the keyboard, saving users countless keystrokes over the course of a day. ( ② ) The system also adapts to each individual, gradually learning a person's favorite phrases, slang, and even the names of friends that no generic dictionary would recognize. ( ③ ) This constant personalization, however, creates a subtle side effect that few users notice. ( ④ ) This small habit, choosing a convenient suggestion rather than searching for the more precise or original word one might otherwise have chosen, can add up over years of daily use. ( ⑤ )

This built-in schedule does not simply respond to the clock on the wall; it is shaped directly by light itself. Every cell in the human body follows an internal timer known as the circadian rhythm, a roughly twenty-four-hour cycle that governs when we feel alert and when we feel drowsy. ( ① ) This clock is regulated primarily by a tiny cluster of neurons in the brain that responds to light entering through the eyes. ( ② ) When morning sunlight strikes the retina, the cluster signals the body to suppress sleep hormones and raise body temperature, preparing us for activity. ( ③ ) As evening approaches and light fades, the same mechanism triggers the release of melatonin, a hormone that promotes drowsiness. ( ④ ) Because this rhythm evolved around the natural cycle of day and night, modern habits such as staying indoors under artificial light or working night shifts can push the internal clock out of sync with the external environment. ( ⑤ ) Such misalignment does not simply cause tiredness; it has also been associated with digestive problems and reduced concentration, suggesting that timing matters as much as total sleep hours.

주어진 문장: Many of them said they had simply seen photos online and wanted to experience the space for themselves. Last spring, a small cosmetics brand opened a pop-up store in a busy shopping district for just two weeks. ( ① ) Rather than displaying products in the usual manner, the team designed the space to resemble a colorful garden, inviting visitors to explore and take photographs. ( ② ) Word spread quickly through social media as customers shared images of the unusual setting with their friends and followers. ( ③ ) Lines formed outside the store within days, even though the products themselves were already available online. ( ④ ) Curious about this success, a marketing researcher later interviewed several visitors, who explained that the temporary nature of the event made the experience feel special. ( ⑤ ) Many admitted they had never previously purchased from the brand but decided to buy something simply to remember the visit.

The convenience comes at a cost that few passengers consider, however. A navigation app calculating a route rarely relies on distance alone; instead, it constantly weighs real-time traffic reports, past congestion patterns for that time of day, and even data from other drivers' phones currently on the road. ( ① ) This flood of information allows the app to reroute a driver away from a sudden accident within seconds, often before the driver has any idea the accident occurred at all. ( ② ) When thousands of drivers are simultaneously redirected onto the same shortcut, that quiet side street can quickly become as congested as the highway it was meant to help travelers avoid. ( ③ ) Residents of these once-quiet neighborhoods have increasingly complained about the sudden surge of unfamiliar traffic. ( ④ ) They argue that an algorithm optimizing for individual convenience can end up creating a new, entirely different problem for the wider community. ( ⑤ )