영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Self-driving technology is advancing rapidly, and its impact on the transportation industry ①is becoming increasingly visible. Companies are testing autonomous trucks ②that can travel long distances without human drivers, potentially transforming how goods move across countries. Millions of professional drivers worry about ③lose their jobs as automation spreads through the industry. Experts predict that certain driving jobs, particularly long-distance trucking, may ④shrink significantly within the next two decades. New roles are also emerging, including remote vehicle operators who monitor fleets of autonomous trucks and technicians ⑤who maintain the complex sensors these vehicles depend on.

As artificial intelligence grows more capable of performing tasks once considered exclusively human, many people wonder which skills will remain valuable in the future. AI can now analyze data, generate text, and even diagnose certain medical conditions with ①impressive accuracy. However, most researchers argue that AI still ②struggles with tasks requiring genuine empathy, ethical judgment, and creative problem-solving in unfamiliar situations. A machine can recommend a treatment plan based on statistics, for instance, but it can ③easily comfort a frightened patient the way a compassionate nurse can. Similarly, AI can generate countless design variations, yet it ④lacks the lived experience that allows humans to judge which idea truly resonates with people. For this reason, educators increasingly emphasize skills such as collaboration and emotional intelligence, arguing that these human capabilities will become more ⑤valuable as automation spreads.

On a summer evening, downtown streets often feel ①noticeably hotter than nearby parks or suburban neighborhoods, even after the sun has set. This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island effect, occurs when cities ②retain more heat than surrounding rural areas because of their dense concentration of asphalt, concrete, and buildings. Unlike soil or vegetation, which absorb and release heat ③instantly, these man-made surfaces absorb sunlight during the day and slowly radiate it back at night, preventing temperatures from cooling. Tall buildings packed closely together also block wind, trapping warm air within narrow streets. In contrast, areas with ④abundant trees and open water naturally stay cooler, since plants release moisture that helps lower surrounding temperatures. To reduce this effect, many cities have begun installing rooftop gardens and ⑤expanding public parks, hoping that additional greenery will absorb less heat than pavement does.

Time perception can also shift according to age, not only according to attention or emotion. (A) This may occur because each year represents a smaller fraction of a person's total life as they grow older. (B) Many older adults report that entire years seem to pass more quickly than they did during childhood. (C) Psychologists studying this phenomenon have proposed that our sense of time speed is partly relative rather than fixed.

Jiho's path into entrepreneurship began almost by accident, far from the corporate career his parents had imagined for him. (A) Despite warnings from relatives who considered the plan too risky, Jiho and his teammates decided to delay job applications and pursue the idea further. (B) A class project he joined during his final year gradually evolved into something more serious, as restaurants began placing regular orders through their prototype. (C) That decision eventually paid off, as the team secured a small investment after nearly failing twice.

The growing sophistication of cyberattacks has transformed cybersecurity into one of the most in-demand career fields. (A) Universities have responded to this trend by launching specialized degree programs focused entirely on cybersecurity. (B) As a result, businesses across nearly every industry now compete to hire qualified security professionals. (C) Hackers today target organizations of every size, from small retailers to major financial institutions.

The clothing industry has become one of the largest contributors to environmental pollution worldwide. (A) Fast fashion refers to cheap, trendy clothing produced quickly and replaced almost as fast as it is bought. Because these garments are designed to be worn only a few times, huge amounts of fabric end up in landfills every year, and the dyeing process pollutes rivers near factories. (B) For example, some companies collect old clothes, break down the fibers, and weave them into new fabric, while others let customers rent outfits for special occasions rather than buying garments they will barely wear. These approaches keep resources circulating within the system longer, reducing demand for raw materials. Therefore, shifting from a throwaway habit toward a circular one may be essential for making the fashion industry sustainable. (C) In contrast, a growing number of brands are turning toward the circular economy, an economic model in which materials are reused, repaired, or recycled instead of being thrown away after a single use.

주어진 문장: This ability to anticipate desires so precisely raises an uncomfortable question about how much companies truly know about us. Modern advertising increasingly relies on personal data collected from users' browsing habits, search histories, and social media activity. ( ① ) Companies argue that this approach benefits consumers by showing advertisements that are more relevant to their actual interests rather than random, generic promotions. ( ② ) However, many critics contend that this level of tracking raises serious concerns about privacy, since users rarely understand how extensively their behavior is being monitored. ( ③ ) Some algorithms can predict purchasing decisions before consumers themselves are consciously aware of them. ( ④ ) Furthermore, personalized advertising can trap users in a narrow bubble, repeatedly showing them similar products and limiting their exposure to alternatives. ( ⑤ ) Given these competing concerns, policymakers must strike a careful balance between allowing innovation and protecting individual privacy rights.

주어진 문장: This is why many people find it especially difficult to maintain healthy eating habits after a long, stressful day at work. Psychologist Roy Baumeister proposed a concept called ego depletion theory, which suggests that willpower functions like a muscle that gradually tires after repeated use. ( ① ) According to this theory, every act of self-control, from resisting a snack to concentrating on difficult homework, draws from the same limited mental resource. ( ② ) As this resource becomes depleted throughout the day, later decisions require more effort and are more likely to fail. ( ③ ) For instance, someone who exercises discipline avoiding distractions all morning may struggle to resist checking a phone by evening. Likewise, dieters report that self-control weakens sharply at night, after hours of resisting food. ( ④ ) Some researchers argue that short breaks, adequate sleep, and blood sugar levels can help restore this depleted resource. ( ⑤ ) Although later studies have questioned how strong this effect is, the theory still offers a useful framework for understanding why willpower seems to fade throughout a long day.

주어진 문장: This growing academic attention reflects how seriously the issue is now being taken. As companies collect enormous amounts of personal data to improve their products and target advertisements, serious ethical questions have emerged about how that information should be handled. ( ① ) Employees who work with big data now face responsibilities that previous generations rarely encountered, since a single careless decision can expose millions of people's private information. ( ② ) Some argue that strict regulations should govern data collection, even if such rules slow innovation and increase costs for businesses. ( ③ ) Others insist that self-regulation within companies, guided by clear ethical training, can protect consumers just as effectively without stifling progress. ( ④ ) Most experts agree that professionals handling sensitive data must be trained not only in technical skills but also in ethical decision-making. ( ⑤ ) Universities have begun adding data ethics courses to computer science programs, recognizing that future employees will need to balance innovation with responsibility.