영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Three-dimensional printing technology is changing how products are designed and manufactured across many industries. Unlike traditional manufacturing, ①which often requires expensive molds and long production times, 3D printers can create complex objects directly from digital files within hours. This flexibility allows companies ②to produce small batches of customized products without the massive costs typically associated with mass production. Hospitals now use 3D printing to create prosthetic limbs ③tailored precisely to individual patients, while automakers use it to build lightweight parts that reduce vehicle weight. Small businesses, too, have benefited enormously, since the technology ④lower the barrier to entry for entrepreneurs. As printing materials improve and machines become faster, the technology is expected ⑤to play an increasingly central role in future manufacturing.

The metaverse, a network of interconnected virtual worlds, has begun ①generate job opportunities that did not exist just a few years ago. Companies now hire virtual world designers who build digital environments ②where users can socialize, shop, or attend events. Avatar designers create digital identities ③that represent users within these spaces, blending artistic skill with technical programming knowledge. Some analysts remain skeptical, ④pointing out that the metaverse has not yet attracted the massive user base that early predictions promised. Nevertheless, major companies continue ⑤investing heavily in this technology.

Psychologists have long studied a mechanism called the variable reward schedule, in which rewards ①arrive unpredictably rather than after every single action. Slot machines famously exploit this principle, and social media notifications operate on strikingly similar logic. When someone posts a photo, they cannot predict exactly when likes will appear, nor ②how many they will eventually receive. This uncertainty triggers a small burst of dopamine each time the phone ③is checked, regardless of whether the result is disappointing or thrilling. Consequently, users often refresh their feeds compulsively, ④hoping the next check will finally bring a satisfying reward. What makes this troubling is that technology companies deliberately designed notification systems using insights borrowed from gambling research, rather than ⑤stumble upon them by accident.

Internet activist Eli Pariser introduced the term filter bubble to describe a phenomenon ①created by online algorithms. Social media platforms and search engines constantly track which links users click and how long they linger on certain posts. Based on this data, algorithms predict what each individual is most likely ②to enjoy and quietly prioritize similar content in future results. As a result, two people who type the same search query can receive strikingly different results, each ③tailoring to personal history. This automatic filtering happens silently, without users ever ④deciding to limit what they see. Consequently, many people gradually lose access to viewpoints ⑤that challenge their existing beliefs, even though they never intended to avoid them.

Many people struggling to fall asleep in noisy environments turn to white noise machines, devices that emit a ①chaotic, uniform sound covering a broad range of frequencies. The appeal lies in a phenomenon called auditory masking, in which a constant background sound makes sudden noises, such as a slamming door, ②less noticeable to the sleeping brain. Without this masking effect, an abrupt change in sound is far more likely to trigger a brief awakening, even if the sleeper does not ③consciously remember it the next morning. Studies comparing sleep in quiet rooms with sleep alongside white noise have found that participants using white noise experienced fewer of these brief awakenings and reported feeling more ④rested. However, researchers caution that the benefit depends heavily on volume and consistency, since noise that is too loud or that varies unpredictably can itself become a source of ⑤disruption rather than a remedy.

Years ago, a small shoe company struggled to compete with larger, well-funded rivals in the market. Its products were solid, but customers rarely remembered the brand after a single purchase. One day, the founder decided to share the story behind the company: how her grandfather had once repaired shoes for factory workers who could not afford new pairs. She began printing this story on every shoebox and posting it across social media. Surprisingly, customers started responding not just to the shoes themselves but to the values the story represented. Sales slowly increased as people felt they were supporting something meaningful rather than simply buying a product. Other companies noticed this shift and began crafting their own narratives, hoping to create similar emotional connections. Eventually, the founder realized that ___________.

The gig economy, in which people take on short-term or freelance jobs instead of full-time positions, has grown rapidly over the past decade. This model offers clear advantages: workers can choose when and how much they work, and businesses can hire help only when they actually need it. For many young people entering the job market, gig work provides valuable flexibility that traditional employment rarely allows. However, gig workers often ___________, which full-time employees typically receive. Because their income can fluctuate sharply from month to month, many gig workers struggle to plan their finances confidently.

Minji looked forward to Jimin's livestreams every single evening without fail. (A) Eventually, at a crowded fan event, Jimin treated her exactly like any other stranger waiting in line. (B) Over time, she began to feel that the two of them shared a genuine, personal friendship. (C) That moment made Minji realize that the closeness she had felt existed only on her side.

Every cell in the human body follows an internal timer known as the circadian rhythm, a roughly twenty-four-hour cycle that governs when we feel alert and when we feel drowsy. (A) This clock is regulated primarily by a tiny cluster of neurons in the brain that responds to light entering through the eyes, signaling the body to suppress sleep hormones each morning. (B) As evening approaches and light fades, however, the same mechanism triggers the release of melatonin, a hormone that promotes drowsiness. (C) Because this rhythm evolved around the natural cycle of day and night, modern habits such as artificial light exposure or night shifts can push it out of sync, which has been linked to digestive problems and reduced concentration.

Static stretching, in which a muscle is held at its longest length for an extended period, can actually reduce the muscle's ability to generate explosive force immediately afterward. For decades, athletes were taught to stretch a muscle and hold the position before any competition, believing that this practice alone would prevent injury. ( ① ) Recent research, however, has complicated that assumption considerably. ( ② ) This is especially troubling for sprinters or jumpers who need maximum power right away. ( ③ ) Dynamic stretching, which involves controlled, repeated movement through a joint's full range of motion, appears to prepare muscles for activity without this temporary weakening effect. ( ④ ) As a result, many coaches now recommend saving static stretching for after a workout, while reserving dynamic movements for the warm-up period before intense effort begins. ( ⑤ )