영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

After a strenuous workout, muscle fibers experience thousands of microscopic tears, and the body immediately begins a repair process ①that ultimately makes the muscle stronger than it was before. This repair depends heavily on amino acids, the building blocks that protein ②supplying, which is why sports scientists recommend consuming protein within a couple of hours after training. Waiting too long to eat can slow recovery, since a muscle's sensitivity to amino acids gradually ③declines once that window closes. Many athletes assume that eating an enormous quantity of protein in a single sitting will speed up this process, but the body can only use a limited amount at once; the rest is simply ④burned for energy or stored as fat. For this reason, nutritionists generally advise ⑤spreading moderate portions of protein evenly across several meals throughout the day rather than saving it all for one large post-workout meal.

Smart speakers have quietly become a fixture in many households, ①responding to spoken requests for weather updates, music, or kitchen timers. Behind this simple exchange lies a complex process: the device converts sound waves into text, interprets the meaning using language models, and then generates a spoken reply, all within a second or two. Because these assistants improve by ②learning from millions of interactions, they gradually become better at recognizing regional accents and casual phrasing that once confused them. Still, the technology remains far from perfect. Background noise, overlapping voices, or an unusual sentence structure can cause the assistant ③misunderstanding a simple request, sometimes with amusing results. Engineers continue to refine these systems, but many admit that truly natural conversation, the kind ④that flows without repeated commands or awkward pauses, ⑤remains one of the hardest goals in the entire field of artificial intelligence.

When Daniel was a child, he dreamed of becoming an astronaut, yet he assumed such careers belonged only to a handful of government scientists. By the time he entered university, however, the space industry had changed ①dramatically, as private companies began launching satellites and building reusable rockets. Daniel studied aerospace engineering, drawn to the idea that space exploration was no longer ②limited to a few national agencies. During an internship, he helped design a small satellite intended to ③monitor crop health from orbit. He realized that the space industry now needed not only pilots and engineers but also data analysts, technicians, and even lawyers familiar with international space regulations. After graduation, Daniel joined a startup developing lunar landing equipment, a job that ④barely existed when he first imagined his future career. His story shows how commercial space ventures have ⑤closed doors that once seemed impossibly narrow.

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and restarts during sleep, often because the muscles at the back of the throat ①relax too much and block the airway. Each pause can last from a few seconds to over a minute, and it may occur dozens of times in a single night without the sleeper ever ②waking up fully. Because these interruptions rarely produce a clear memory the next morning, many people remain ③unaware that anything is wrong, even as chronic fatigue, headaches, and irritability build up over months. Doctors therefore rely less on a patient's own account of the night and more on ④subjective measurements, such as overnight oxygen levels and airflow patterns recorded in a sleep laboratory. Left untreated, the disorder has been linked to serious long-term risks, including high blood pressure and heart disease, which makes an accurate diagnosis far more ⑤urgent than its subtle nighttime symptoms might suggest.

Retailers frequently rely on sales events to boost short-term revenue, but the psychology behind these promotions is more complex than simple discounting. When a price is crossed out and replaced with a lower number, consumers instinctively perceive the new price as a bargain, even if the original price was rarely charged. This technique, known as anchoring, shapes how shoppers judge value by comparing prices rather than evaluating a product on its own merits. Retailers also use phrases such as "while supplies last" to suggest scarcity, even when inventory remains plentiful. Over time, frequent sales can actually train customers to wait for discounts rather than buy at full price, which can hurt long-term profits. Despite this risk, many companies continue relying on sales events because ___________.

Not all parts of a city experience the same temperature, even when they are located close to one another. (A) Tall buildings packed closely together also block wind, trapping warm air within narrow streets. In contrast, areas with abundant trees and open water naturally stay cooler, since plants release moisture that helps lower surrounding temperatures. (B) To reduce this effect, many cities have begun installing rooftop gardens and expanding public parks, hoping that additional greenery will absorb less heat than pavement does. (C) On a summer evening, downtown streets often feel noticeably hotter than nearby parks or suburban neighborhoods, even after the sun has set. This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island effect, occurs when cities retain more heat than surrounding rural areas because of their dense concentration of asphalt, concrete, and buildings. Unlike soil or vegetation, which absorb and release heat gradually, these man-made surfaces absorb sunlight during the day and slowly radiate it back at night, preventing temperatures from cooling.

The rise of green jobs illustrates how environmental policy can reshape entire industries. (A) However, critics note that shifting from fossil fuel jobs to green jobs is not always straightforward, since the two require different sets of skills. (B) These positions, ranging from solar panel installation to energy-efficient building design, have grown especially fast in countries investing heavily in renewable energy. (C) To address this gap, governments are introducing training programs that help workers transition smoothly between industries.

주어진 문장: Fortunately, this cycle is not impossible to reverse. An echo chamber refers to an online environment where people are mainly exposed to opinions that already match their own beliefs. ( ① ) This phenomenon occurs because social media algorithms tend to recommend content similar to what users have previously liked or shared, gradually narrowing the range of perspectives they encounter. ( ② ) As a result, individuals inside an echo chamber rarely engage with viewpoints that challenge their existing assumptions, which allows their original beliefs to grow increasingly extreme over time. ( ③ ) For example, someone who frequently reads articles supporting one political party may begin to see the opposing party as entirely unreasonable, having never seriously considered its arguments. ( ④ ) Political polarization, a significant issue in many countries today, is often linked to this pattern of selective exposure. ( ⑤ ) Breaking out of an echo chamber requires deliberately seeking information from diverse sources, even when those sources present uncomfortable or unfamiliar ideas.

Treating a wellness app as a substitute for medical expertise, they warn, can be just as risky as ignoring a warning altogether. A growing number of health apps now track steps, sleep, and heart rate throughout the day, quietly building a detailed picture of a user's physical condition without requiring a single visit to a doctor's office. ( ① ) By comparing this stream of data against patterns drawn from millions of other users, the app's algorithm can flag early warning signs, such as an irregular heartbeat, long before the person experiencing it would have noticed anything unusual on their own. ( ② ) For people living far from specialists or unable to afford frequent checkups, this kind of constant monitoring can feel like a genuine safety net. ( ③ ) Doctors caution, however, that these apps are designed to detect patterns, not to diagnose illness. ( ④ ) A worried user should always confirm any alarming reading with a professional rather than trusting an app's suggestion alone. ( ⑤ )

None of these explanations, in other words, has to be the whole story. For centuries, dreams have fascinated scientists and philosophers alike, yet no single theory fully explains why the sleeping brain generates such vivid and often bizarre experiences. ( ① ) One prominent idea suggests that dreaming helps the brain process emotional experiences, replaying difficult events in a safe, low-stakes environment so that their emotional intensity gradually fades. ( ② ) Another theory proposes that dreams serve a more practical function, allowing the brain to rehearse responses to threats without any real danger, a kind of nightly simulation that may have offered early humans a survival advantage. ( ③ ) Still other researchers argue that dreaming is simply a byproduct of the brain organizing memories, with vivid imagery arising as the mind sorts through the day's information rather than serving any independent purpose of its own. ( ④ ) Because these theories rest on indirect evidence rather than direct observation of subjective experience, none has been conclusively proven. ( ⑤ ) Many scientists now suspect that dreaming may serve several of these functions simultaneously rather than just one.