영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Many people believe that a new habit becomes automatic after only twenty-one days, but researchers who ①examined real behavior found a different number. This project, ②called the 66-day habit formation study, tracked volunteers who tried to adopt a new daily habit, like drinking water with lunch. Researchers measured how automatic each action felt over time and found that habits ③needing an average of sixty-six days to become effortless. Yet the actual time varied widely, ranging from about eighteen days for simple habits to over two hundred days for ④difficult ones. This wide range explains why the popular twenty-one-day claim, though easy ⑤to remember, rarely matches real experience.

The framing effect ①describe how people respond differently to the same information depending on how it is presented, even when the underlying facts remain unchanged. When news outlets describe climate change primarily as a looming crisis, ②filled with images of disasters and warnings of irreversible damage, audiences often react with fear or, paradoxically, with hopeless resignation. In contrast, when the same issue is framed as an opportunity, ③emphasizing innovative technologies and emerging green jobs, readers tend to feel more motivated to act and support policy change. Neither framing alone tells the complete story, since climate change genuinely involves both serious risks and promising solutions. Therefore, journalists who rely too heavily on either extreme risk ④distorting public understanding and discouraging meaningful engagement. A balanced approach, ⑤which honestly presents dangers while highlighting realistic paths forward, is far more likely to sustain long-term public attention and inspire lasting action.

A flexitarian is someone who mainly ①eating plant-based meals but occasionally includes meat or fish, unlike a strict vegetarian who avoids animal products entirely. This flexible diet has recently gained attention as a practical way to fight climate change, since raising livestock ②produces a significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions. Cattle, in particular, release large amounts of methane, a gas far more powerful than carbon dioxide at ③trapping heat in the atmosphere. By replacing just a few meat-based meals each week with vegetables, grains, or legumes, individuals can noticeably shrink their carbon footprint without giving up meat completely. Nutritionists also emphasize that flexitarian eating is easier to maintain than full vegetarianism, because it ④allows flexibility rather than demanding absolute discipline. Therefore, many environmental groups now promote flexitarianism as a realistic first step, ⑤believing that gradual change, rather than sudden restriction, is more likely to spread widely across society.

Every cell in the human body follows an internal timer known as the circadian rhythm, a roughly twenty-four-hour cycle that ①governs when we feel alert and when we feel drowsy. This clock is regulated primarily by a tiny cluster of neurons in the brain that responds to light entering through the eyes. When morning sunlight strikes the retina, the cluster signals the body to ②suppress sleep hormones and raise body temperature, preparing us for activity. As evening approaches and light fades, the same mechanism triggers the release of melatonin, a hormone that ③promotes drowsiness. Because this rhythm evolved around the natural cycle of day and night, modern habits such as staying indoors under artificial light or working night shifts can push the internal clock ④out of sync with the external environment. Such misalignment does not simply cause tiredness; it has also been associated with digestive problems and ⑤heightened concentration, suggesting that timing matters as much as total sleep hours.

Sleep debt refers to the ①cumulative gap between the amount of sleep a person needs and the amount they actually get. Unlike a financial debt, however, this deficit cannot simply be ②repaid with a single long weekend of rest. When someone loses two hours of sleep every night for a week, the body does not treat the shortage as fourteen separate small losses; instead, it ③accumulates the deficit, and the resulting impairment in attention and mood can resemble that of a person who has been awake for an entire night. Researchers have found that even modest, chronic sleep restriction gradually impairs reaction time and decision-making, often without the affected person noticing the decline. This is because subjective feelings of tiredness tend to plateau after a few days, even as objective performance keeps deteriorating. Consequently, people frequently ④underestimate how much sleep debt they are carrying until a demanding task suddenly exposes the ⑤diminished cost.

A short nap taken in the early afternoon, often called a power nap, can noticeably sharpen attention and mood without leaving a person ①refreshed afterward. The key lies in timing: naps limited to roughly twenty minutes allow the brain to pass through the ②lightest stages of sleep while avoiding the deeper stages associated with slow-wave activity. If a nap extends much beyond that window, the sleeper risks waking during deep sleep, which produces a ③foggy, disoriented feeling known as sleep inertia that can persist for thirty minutes or more. Laboratory studies comparing napping and non-napping groups have ④repeatedly shown that a brief nap improves reaction time and short-term memory almost as effectively as a full night of extra rest. Interestingly, the benefit appears ⑤strongest when the nap occurs several hours after waking, since this is when the body's natural dip in alertness makes rest most effective.

The term green premium describes the ①reduced cost that consumers must pay when they choose an environmentally friendly product or energy source over a conventional, cheaper alternative. For example, an electric vehicle or solar-powered appliance often carries a higher price tag than its gasoline-powered or coal-based counterpart, even though it produces fewer emissions over time. This price gap frequently ②discourages shoppers who support sustainability in principle but cannot justify the additional expense within a limited household budget. In contrast, wealthier consumers can ③absorb the premium more easily, which creates unequal participation in green markets. To ④narrow this gap, governments have introduced subsidies and tax credits that lower upfront costs, while companies invest in research to make clean technologies cheaper to manufacture. As production scales up and innovation continues, many economists expect the green premium to ⑤shrink steadily, eventually making sustainable choices the more affordable option for most consumers.

Even a modest level of dehydration, as little as two percent of body weight lost through sweat, can measurably reduce an athlete's endurance and cognitive sharpness during competition. As fluid levels drop, blood volume decreases, forcing the heart to work harder to deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles, which accelerates fatigue. Athletes competing in hot, humid conditions face a particularly difficult balance, because sweating heavily to stay cool simultaneously depletes the very fluids needed to sustain performance. Simply drinking large amounts of plain water is not always sufficient, however, since _______________. For this reason, sports scientists generally recommend a hydration strategy that replaces both fluid and electrolytes.

Recovering from a serious sports injury involves far more than simply waiting for torn tissue to heal; it requires a carefully structured program that gradually reintroduces stress to the affected area. Immediately after an injury, rest and gentle range-of-motion exercises help prevent stiffness. As pain subsides, therapists introduce light resistance training, slowly rebuilding strength in muscles that have weakened from disuse. Progressing too quickly at this stage is a common mistake, since _______________. Only after strength and flexibility approach pre-injury levels do specialists introduce sport-specific drills that mimic the exact movements an athlete will face in competition.

Athletes preparing for major endurance events sometimes train for weeks at high altitude, where the air contains less oxygen than at sea level. In this thin air, the body responds by producing more red blood cells, which carry oxygen more efficiently through the bloodstream to working muscles. When these athletes return to sea level, their blood retains this elevated capacity for a limited period, potentially translating into improved endurance performance. However, the benefits of altitude training are far from guaranteed, since individual athletes respond quite differently to the same conditions, and some experience excessive fatigue that undermines the very training they hoped to complete. Many elite programs therefore follow a strategy known as live high, train low, in which _______________.