영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

The term green premium ①describes the extra cost that consumers must pay when they choose an environmentally friendly product or energy source over a conventional, cheaper alternative. For example, an electric vehicle or solar-powered appliance ②often carries a higher price tag than its gasoline-powered or coal-based counterpart, even though it produces fewer emissions over time. This price gap frequently discourages shoppers who support sustainability in principle but cannot justify the additional expense within a limited household budget. In contrast, wealthier consumers can absorb the premium more easily, ③which creates unequal participation in green markets. To narrow this gap, governments have introduced subsidies and tax credits ④that lower upfront costs, while companies invest in research to make clean technologies cheaper to manufacture. As production scales up and innovation continues, many economists expect the green premium ⑤to shrinking steadily, eventually making sustainable choices the more affordable option for most consumers.

Elite athletes rarely walk up to a free throw line or a golf ball without first performing a highly specific sequence of movements, a habit sports psychologists call a pre-performance routine. Far from being mere superstition, this consistent sequence serves a genuine cognitive purpose. Repeating the same physical and mental steps before every attempt ①broadens an athlete's focus toward distracting thoughts about outcome or crowd noise and away from the specific technical cues needed to execute the skill correctly. Researchers have found that athletes who follow a consistent routine tend to show ②more stable performance under pressure than those who approach each attempt differently. The routine essentially functions as a trigger, cuing the body to shift ③automatically into a familiar, well-rehearsed state. For this reason, coaches now ④actively teach young athletes to develop and rehearse individualized routines rather than treating them as ⑤personal quirks.

A growing number of health apps now track steps, sleep, and heart rate throughout the day, quietly building a detailed picture of a user's physical condition without requiring a single visit to a doctor's office. By comparing this stream of data against patterns drawn from millions of other users, the app's algorithm can ①flag early warning signs, such as an irregular heartbeat, long before the person experiencing it would have noticed anything unusual on their own. For people living far from specialists or unable to afford frequent checkups, this kind of constant monitoring can feel like a genuine ②safety net. Doctors caution, however, that these apps are designed to ③diagnose illness, not merely to detect patterns, and that a worried user should always confirm any alarming reading with a professional rather than trusting an app's suggestion alone. Treating a wellness app as a ④substitute for medical expertise, they warn, can be just as risky as ⑤ignoring a warning altogether.

Scientists have identified certain gene variants that appear more frequently among elite endurance athletes than among the general population, along with a separate set that seems to favor explosive, power-based sports such as sprinting. One frequently studied variant, for instance, influences the proportion of slow-twitch versus fast-twitch muscle fibers a person naturally develops, a ratio that shapes whether a body leans toward endurance or explosive power. However, researchers caution strongly against interpreting these findings as evidence that athletic greatness is simply inherited, since _______________. Genetics may set a rough ceiling on an individual's ultimate potential, but where any particular athlete lands within that range depends overwhelmingly on training quality, nutrition, coaching, and sheer determination.

After a strenuous workout, muscle fibers experience thousands of microscopic tears, and the body immediately begins a repair process that depends heavily on amino acids, the building blocks that protein supplies. This is why sports scientists recommend consuming protein within a couple of hours after training, since _______________. Many athletes assume that eating an enormous quantity of protein in a single sitting will speed up this process, but the body can only use a limited amount at once; the rest is simply burned for energy or stored as fat.

Carbon neutrality refers to a state in which the amount of greenhouse gases a country or company releases into the atmosphere is balanced by the amount it removes, resulting in zero net emissions. Achieving this goal typically requires several sequential stages rather than a single sudden action. First, organizations attempt to reduce emissions directly by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. Next, they improve efficiency throughout their operations, minimizing the energy wasted during production and transportation. Only after these direct measures have been maximized do most organizations turn to _______________. Critics argue, however, that some companies exploit offsetting too early, using it to avoid making genuine reductions. Therefore, experts insist that a credible roadmap must always prioritize actual emission cuts before relying on compensation.

Feed an AI music program a mood, a tempo, and a rough genre, and within seconds it can generate a complete instrumental track. The software has studied thousands of existing songs, learning which chord progressions and rhythms tend to sound pleasant together, and it recombines these patterns into something new. For independent creators who cannot afford a composer, this has been a genuine breakthrough. Professional musicians, however, remain divided. Some welcome the tool as a quick way to sketch ideas before refining them by hand, while others worry that _______________.

During sleep, the brain does not simply rest; it actively reorganizes the day's experiences into lasting memories through a process called consolidation. (A) Sleep researchers have demonstrated this effect experimentally: participants who slept after learning a list of word pairs recalled more items the next day than participants who remained awake instead. Crucially, the benefit was not limited to simple recall; sleep also seemed to help participants extract general patterns from the material, suggesting that consolidation involves more than passive storage. (B) Newly formed memories are initially fragile and stored primarily in a brain region called the hippocampus, which has limited long-term capacity. (C) While a person sleeps, particularly during the deep stages of non-REM sleep, neural activity replays these fresh memory traces in rapid, compressed sequences, gradually transferring the information to the cortex for more durable, long-term storage. This replay strengthens the connections between neurons that encoded the original experience, making the memory more resistant to interference from unrelated events the following day.

Static stretching, in which a muscle is held at its longest length for an extended period, can actually reduce the muscle's ability to generate explosive force immediately afterward. For decades, athletes were taught to stretch a muscle and hold the position before any competition, believing that this practice alone would prevent injury. ( ① ) Recent research, however, has complicated that assumption considerably. ( ② ) This is especially troubling for sprinters or jumpers who need maximum power right away. ( ③ ) Dynamic stretching, which involves controlled, repeated movement through a joint's full range of motion, appears to prepare muscles for activity without this temporary weakening effect. ( ④ ) As a result, many coaches now recommend saving static stretching for after a workout, while reserving dynamic movements for the warm-up period before intense effort begins. ( ⑤ )

Because this feedback loop relies entirely on light rather than on the clock on the wall, melatonin release can shift dramatically when a person travels across time zones or works through the night. Melatonin is a hormone produced by a small gland deep within the brain, and its release follows a remarkably predictable daily pattern. ( ① ) Levels stay low throughout the bright hours of the day, begin rising in the evening as darkness falls, peak in the middle of the night, and then decline again as morning approaches. ( ② ) This rhythm is controlled primarily by light: specialized cells in the eye detect brightness and send signals that either permit or suppress melatonin production, which is why exposure to bright screens late at night can delay its release and make falling asleep more difficult. ( ③ ) Unlike some hormones that directly cause the body to perform a task, melatonin does not force sleep to occur; instead, it signals to the rest of the body that night has arrived, preparing various systems to shift into a lower-energy state. ( ④ ) Because of this signaling role, taking melatonin supplements at the wrong time can shift a person's internal clock in the opposite direction from what was intended. ( ⑤ )