영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Even a modest level of dehydration, as little as two percent of body weight lost through sweat, can measurably ① increase an athlete's endurance and cognitive sharpness during competition. As fluid levels drop, blood volume decreases, forcing the heart to work harder to deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles, which ② accelerates fatigue. Dehydration also impairs the body's ability to regulate its own temperature, since sweating is the primary mechanism for releasing excess heat during intense exercise. Athletes competing in hot, humid conditions face a particularly ③ difficult balance, because sweating heavily to stay cool simultaneously depletes the very fluids needed to sustain performance. Simply drinking large amounts of plain water is not always sufficient, however, since heavy sweating also flushes out sodium and other electrolytes ④ essential for proper muscle function. For this reason, sports scientists generally recommend a hydration strategy that replaces both fluid and electrolytes, ⑤ tailored to an individual athlete's sweat rate and the specific conditions of the event.

Mira had lived in a coastal village since birth, watching the tide creep closer to her family's doorstep every year. When the sea finally ①swallowed the rice paddies that had fed her village for generations, her parents decided that staying was no longer possible. Together with many neighbors, they packed what little they could carry and moved inland, becoming what experts now call climate migrants, people forced to ②abandon their homes because of rising seas, droughts, or other disasters. This term, rarely used a decade ago, has become increasingly ③common as extreme weather displaces communities worldwide. Mira missed her old house terribly, yet she slowly began to build a new life in the crowded city, learning to adapt just as her ancestors once had. International organizations, however, still ④manage to agree on how to protect people like her, since climate migrants are not officially ⑤recognized as refugees under current law.

Planning a multi-city trip once meant hours spent comparing flight schedules, reading hotel reviews, and mapping out which sights were close enough to visit in a single day. AI travel planners now ① compress much of that work into a short conversation, asking about a budget, a travel style, and a handful of preferences before generating a full day-by-day itinerary within minutes. The tool draws on enormous amounts of data to suggest a route that avoids obvious ② scheduling conflicts. Many travelers appreciate having a solid starting point rather than a ③ blank page. Still, seasoned travelers warn that these itineraries can feel oddly ④ unique, often steering users toward the same popular landmarks that every other AI-generated plan recommends, while ⑤ overlooking smaller, lesser-known places that a knowledgeable local guide might have suggested instead.

Color plays a surprisingly powerful role in how consumers perceive brands, often shaping first impressions before a single word is read. Blue, for instance, is frequently used by financial and technology companies because it tends to evoke feelings of trust and stability. Red, in contrast, is associated with energy and urgency, which explains why it appears so often in logos for fast-food chains and clearance sales. Green typically signals freshness or environmental responsibility, making it a popular choice for organic food brands. Despite these general patterns, ___________. Marketers who ignore these cultural differences risk sending unintended messages to international audiences. For this reason, companies expanding into new markets often conduct extensive research before finalizing a logo's color scheme.

When a customer opens a company's website at midnight with a billing question, an actual employee is unlikely to be available, which is exactly the gap that customer service chatbots were built to fill. These programs can instantly answer common questions, track packages, and process simple refunds without making anyone wait on hold. Yet the technology has clear boundaries. When a customer's problem is unusual, emotionally charged, or simply does not fit the chatbot's script, _______________. Many companies have responded by designing chatbots to recognize their own limits, automatically transferring a frustrated customer to a human agent.

Sociologist Mark Granovetter introduced an idea that seems contradictory at first glance, known as the strength of weak ties. According to this theory, people who see each other only occasionally, called weak ties, often provide more valuable information than close friends or family members, who are considered strong ties. This happens because strong ties tend to share the same social circles and, therefore, already possess similar knowledge. Weak ties, in contrast, move within different networks, which allows them to introduce ideas or opportunities that would otherwise remain unknown. For example, a former classmate rarely contacted might mention a job opening unavailable through one's immediate circle. Social media platforms have made maintaining such connections remarkably easier, letting users keep hundreds of loose acquaintances active without frequent face-to-face meetings. Consequently, these platforms _______________.

A smart thermostat that learns a family's daily rhythm can lower the temperature automatically before everyone wakes up cold, while smart lights that follow a resident's schedule no longer need to be switched on and off by hand. Sensors collect data about temperature, motion, and light throughout the home, and an algorithm gradually learns which settings match each household's actual habits. Yet convenience comes with a trade-off that many households overlook: _______________.

Not all obstacles to renewable energy are technical or financial; some are psychological. (A) In contrast, switching demands research, upfront cost, and trust in unfamiliar technology, all of which can seem risky compared with doing nothing. For example, a neighborhood association might repeatedly postpone a vote on shared solar panels, not because the plan is flawed, but because members are reluctant to leave their routine. Therefore, boosting renewable adoption may depend less on proving its advantages and more on designing programs that make the first step feel easy. (B) Behavioral economists use the term status quo bias to describe a tendency to prefer the present situation over a new alternative, even when the alternative would bring greater benefits. (C) This bias helps explain why many households hesitate to switch to renewable energy, such as installing solar panels on their roofs. Although solar panels can lower electricity bills over time, homeowners often stick with their current power source because it feels safe and requires no immediate effort.

주어진 문장: This small change in placement, researchers found, was enough to shift eating habits without anyone noticing. Imagine a cafeteria where a healthy salad sits at eye level while fried snacks rest on a low shelf. ( ① ) Nobody is forbidden from choosing the snacks, yet most people quietly pick the salad instead. ( ② ) This simple technique illustrates a nudge, a concept from behavioral economics that gently guides people toward better choices without restricting their freedom. ( ③ ) Companies and governments increasingly apply nudges to encourage sustainable consumption. ( ④ ) For example, some hotels print reminders on towels stating that most guests reuse them, which persuades new guests to do the same and save water. Similarly, energy bills that compare a household's usage with that of efficient neighbors often lead people to reduce electricity use. ( ⑤ ) Unlike strict regulations or heavy taxes, nudges rely on subtle changes in design rather than force. Critics argue nudges alone cannot solve large environmental problems, but combined with stronger policies, they can meaningfully shift everyday habits toward sustainability.

A request as ordinary as asking for tomorrow's weather, for instance, triggers a surprisingly long chain of computation behind the scenes. Smart speakers have quietly become a fixture in many households, responding to spoken requests for weather updates, music, or kitchen timers. ( ① ) Behind this simple exchange lies a complex process: the device converts sound waves into text, interprets the meaning using language models, and then generates a spoken reply, all within a second or two. ( ② ) Because these assistants improve by learning from millions of interactions, they gradually become better at recognizing regional accents and casual phrasing that once confused them. ( ③ ) Still, the technology remains far from perfect. ( ④ ) Background noise, overlapping voices, or an unusual sentence structure can cause the assistant to misunderstand a simple request, sometimes with amusing results. ( ⑤ ) Engineers continue to refine these systems, but many admit that truly natural conversation remains one of the hardest goals in the entire field of artificial intelligence.