영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Long before a user finishes typing a sentence, the keyboard on most smartphones has already begun ① guessing what word comes next. This feature relies on a language model ② trained to notice which words commonly follow one another, so it can offer a shortlist of likely candidates above the keyboard, saving users countless keystrokes over the course of a day. The system also adapts to each individual, gradually ③ learning a person's favorite phrases, slang, and even the names of friends that no generic dictionary would recognize. This constant personalization, however, creates a subtle side effect that few users ④ notices. Because the keyboard nudges people toward its own suggestions, some linguists worry that autocomplete may be quietly narrowing everyday vocabulary, encouraging writers ⑤ to accept a convenient suggestion rather than searching for the more precise word.

Online advertising algorithms analyze enormous amounts of user data ①to determine which products a person is most likely to purchase. Every click, search, and pause while scrolling provides information that these systems use ②to refine future advertisements. Supporters argue that this level of precision benefits consumers by ③reducing exposure to irrelevant advertisements and highlighting products they genuinely need. Critics, however, worry that constant exposure to tailored ads can encourage unnecessary spending, since algorithms ④is specifically designed to identify and exploit individual weaknesses. Greater transparency, many experts argue, would allow consumers ⑤to make more informed decisions about their own online behavior.

Planning a multi-city trip once meant hours spent comparing flight schedules, reading hotel reviews, and mapping out which sights were close enough to visit in a single day. AI travel planners now ① compress much of that work into a short conversation, asking about a budget, a travel style, and a handful of preferences before generating a full day-by-day itinerary within minutes. The tool draws on enormous amounts of data to suggest a route that avoids obvious ② scheduling conflicts. Many travelers appreciate having a solid starting point rather than a ③ blank page. Still, seasoned travelers warn that these itineraries can feel oddly ④ unique, often steering users toward the same popular landmarks that every other AI-generated plan recommends, while ⑤ overlooking smaller, lesser-known places that a knowledgeable local guide might have suggested instead.

Imagine two factories making the same product: one in a country with ①**strict** carbon rules, and one in a country with almost none. The factory facing stricter rules often spends more, which can make its goods ②**pricier** than those made elsewhere. To fix this imbalance, some governments have introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism, a policy charging imported goods a fee based on how much carbon was released while producing them. Supporters argue that the system ③**protects** domestic industries and pushes foreign manufacturers toward cleaner methods. However, critics claim it unfairly ④**benefits** developing countries, which often lack money to modernize factories quickly. For example, a small exporter in a poorer nation might struggle to pay the added charge, though it contributes ⑤**little** to global emissions. Still, if wealthier nations pair the policy with technical support, it could become a genuinely fair tool for cutting emissions worldwide.

Social psychologists describe a phenomenon called the bystander effect, in which individuals become less likely to help a victim as the number of witnesses ①increases. Each observer assumes someone else will step in, and this diffusion of responsibility leaves no one willing to act. Cyberbullying ②minimizes this problem, since a single humiliating post can be witnessed by thousands of people scattered across the internet rather than a few standing nearby. Anonymity ③intensifies the effect further, allowing silent observers to scroll past cruel comments without feeling accountable for their inaction. Some bystanders even worry that intervening publicly might make them the bully's next target, so they choose to remain ④silent instead. However, silence signals approval to both the bully and the audience watching the exchange unfold. Experts insist that even a single supportive comment can ⑤disrupt this harmful pattern.

A smart thermostat that learns a family's daily rhythm can lower the temperature automatically before everyone wakes up cold, while smart lights that follow a resident's schedule no longer need to be switched on and off by hand. Sensors collect data about temperature, motion, and light throughout the home, and an algorithm gradually learns which settings match each household's actual habits. Yet convenience comes with a trade-off that many households overlook: _______________.

Many teenagers check their social media accounts dozens of times a day, worried that they might miss something important happening among their friends. This anxiety, known as FOMO, or the fear of missing out, arises when people believe that others are enjoying experiences from which they themselves are excluded. For example, a student scrolling through photos of a party she was not invited to may suddenly feel a wave of loneliness and regret, even though the event has already ended. Constantly refreshing feeds to avoid missing such updates, however, makes it difficult to concentrate on schoolwork or conversations happening in the present moment. Moreover, this endless comparison with curated highlights of other people's lives tends to deepen feelings of anxiety rather than relieve them. Therefore, students should learn to ___________.

Internet activist Eli Pariser introduced the term filter bubble to describe a phenomenon created by online algorithms. Social media platforms and search engines constantly track which links users click and how long they linger on certain posts. Based on this data, algorithms predict what each individual is most likely to enjoy and quietly prioritize similar content in future results. As a result, two people who type the same search query can receive strikingly different results, each tailored to personal history. This automatic filtering happens silently, without users ever deciding to limit what they see. Consequently, many people gradually lose access to viewpoints that challenge their existing beliefs, even though they never intended to avoid them. Pariser warned that this invisible curation could weaken democratic debate by narrowing public discussion. Therefore, some experts argue that platforms should reveal how content is filtered, _______________.

The rapid rise of the gig economy has led researchers to examine both its opportunities and its risks. (A) In addition, because their income depends heavily on the number of tasks completed, many gig workers find it difficult to save money consistently. (B) On the positive side, gig platforms allow workers to set their own schedules and take on projects that match their skills. (C) Yet this freedom comes at a price, since most gig workers are not entitled to employer-provided benefits like health insurance.

주어진 문장: This term captured exactly what had happened in her own chat room months earlier. Soyeon joined an online study group chat where dozens of students planned a class project together every evening. ( ① ) When one member suggested skipping a required survey step to save time, several others quickly agreed, and no one raised any objections. ( ② ) Soyeon privately worried that skipping the survey might weaken their project, but seeing everyone else nodding along, she stayed silent rather than risk sounding difficult. ( ③ ) The group proceeded confidently, convinced their shortcut was harmless, until their teacher pointed out serious gaps once the project was submitted. ( ④ ) Afterward, Soyeon learned about groupthink, a concept introduced by psychologist Irving Janis, describing how tightly connected groups often suppress doubts in order to maintain harmony and reach quick agreement. ( ⑤ ) She realized that the chat's friendly, unified atmosphere had actually discouraged critical thinking, making poor decisions feel completely normal at the time.