영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Every cell in the human body follows an internal timer known as the circadian rhythm, a roughly twenty-four-hour cycle ① that governs when we feel alert and when we feel drowsy. This clock is regulated primarily by a tiny cluster of neurons in the brain ② that responds to light entering through the eyes. When morning sunlight strikes the retina, the cluster signals the body ③ to suppress sleep hormones and raise body temperature, preparing us for activity. As evening approaches and light fades, the same mechanism triggers the release of melatonin, a hormone ④ promotes drowsiness. Because this rhythm evolved around the natural cycle of day and night, modern habits such as staying indoors under artificial light or working night shifts can push the internal clock out of sync with the external environment. Such misalignment does not simply cause tiredness; it has also ⑤ been associated with digestive problems and reduced concentration, suggesting that timing matters as much as total sleep hours.

Opening most camera apps today reveals a row of filters that can smooth skin, brighten eyes, and reshape a jawline before a photo is even taken. What began as a playful novelty has become a default setting for many users, subtly adjusting nearly every selfie posted online. Psychologists have grown concerned about a specific consequence of this shift: _______________. Some social media platforms have responded by labeling heavily edited photos or banning certain filters that alter body shape.

When people consistently sleep too little, the body's hormonal balance shifts in ways that can quietly encourage weight gain. Two hormones in particular play opposing roles in regulating appetite: leptin signals fullness to the brain, while ghrelin stimulates the sensation of hunger. Studies show that sleep deprivation lowers leptin levels while raising ghrelin levels, so _______________, even after a normal-sized meal. At the same time, insufficient sleep interferes with how efficiently the body processes glucose, making cells less responsive to insulin and leaving more sugar circulating in the bloodstream than usual. Over months or years, this combination of increased appetite and reduced insulin sensitivity can contribute to steady weight gain and raise the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Because these effects build up so gradually, many people never connect their shifting eating habits or worsening blood sugar to something as ordinary as a few lost hours of sleep each night.

Behavioral economists use the term status quo bias to describe a tendency to prefer the present situation over a new alternative, even when the alternative would bring greater benefits. This bias helps explain why many households hesitate to switch to renewable energy, such as installing solar panels on their roofs. Although solar panels can lower electricity bills over time, homeowners often stick with their current power source because it feels safe and requires no immediate effort. In contrast, switching demands research, upfront cost, and trust in unfamiliar technology, all of which can seem risky compared with doing nothing. For example, a neighborhood association might repeatedly postpone a vote on shared solar panels, not because the plan is flawed, but because members are reluctant to leave their routine. Therefore, boosting renewable adoption may depend less on proving its advantages and more on _______________.

Smart speakers have quietly become a fixture in many households, responding to spoken requests for weather updates, music, or kitchen timers. (A) Still, the technology remains far from perfect, since background noise, overlapping voices, or an unusual sentence structure can cause the assistant to misunderstand a simple request. (B) Because these assistants improve by learning from millions of interactions, they gradually become better at recognizing regional accents and casual phrasing that once confused them. (C) Behind this simple exchange lies a complex process: the device converts sound waves into text, interprets the meaning, and then generates a spoken reply, all within a second or two.

Athletes competing in hot, humid conditions face a particularly difficult balance, because sweating heavily to stay cool simultaneously depletes the very fluids needed to sustain performance. Even a modest level of dehydration, as little as two percent of body weight lost through sweat, can measurably reduce an athlete's endurance and cognitive sharpness during competition. ( ① ) As fluid levels drop, blood volume decreases, forcing the heart to work harder to deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles, which accelerates fatigue. ( ② ) Dehydration also impairs the body's ability to regulate its own temperature, since sweating is the primary mechanism for releasing excess heat during intense exercise. ( ③ ) Simply drinking large amounts of plain water is not always sufficient, however, since heavy sweating also flushes out sodium and other electrolytes essential for proper muscle function. ( ④ ) For this reason, sports scientists generally recommend a hydration strategy that replaces both fluid and electrolytes, tailored to an individual athlete's sweat rate and the specific conditions of the event. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: Yet this strategy of delay backfires, since it leaves no time to revise or correct errors before the deadline. Many students assume that perfectionists work harder than everyone else, but psychologists describe a puzzling pattern called the perfectionism-procrastination cycle. ( ① ) This term describes how an intense fear of imperfect work causes people to delay starting a task rather than begin it. ( ② ) Because perfectionists set impossibly high standards, they often feel anxious before they even begin, and the task feels overwhelming. ( ③ ) They then postpone the work to avoid facing their own unrealistic expectations, even though delay only increases their stress later. ( ④ ) For example, a student writing a research paper might spend hours reorganizing notes instead of composing a single sentence that feels good enough. Likewise, an employee facing an important report may check emails repeatedly rather than begin drafting, fearing an early attempt will seem inadequate. ( ⑤ ) Ironically, this avoidance guarantees the very failure that perfectionists dread, since rushed, last-minute work rarely meets their own high standards.

Some welcome the tool as a quick way to sketch ideas before refining them by hand. Feed an AI music program a mood, a tempo, and a rough genre, and within seconds it can generate a complete instrumental track, ready to be dropped under a video or used as background music for a small business. ( ① ) The software has studied thousands of existing songs, learning which chord progressions and rhythms tend to sound pleasant together, and it recombines these patterns into something new rather than copying any single source directly. ( ② ) For independent creators who cannot afford a composer or expensive licensing fees, this has been a genuine breakthrough. ( ③ ) Professional musicians, however, remain divided. ( ④ ) Others worry that a flood of AI-generated background music could quietly push human composers out of smaller, lower-budget projects, the very jobs many musicians once relied on to build a career. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: This difference in regulation can create an uneven playing field between the two factories, since one operates under far tighter restrictions than the other. Imagine two factories making the same product: one in a country with strict carbon rules, and one in a country with almost none. ( ① ) The factory facing stricter rules often spends more, which can make its goods pricier than those made elsewhere. ( ② ) To fix this imbalance, some governments have introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism, a policy charging imported goods a fee based on how much carbon was released while producing them. ( ③ ) Supporters argue that the system protects domestic industries and pushes foreign manufacturers toward cleaner methods. ( ④ ) However, critics claim it unfairly burdens developing countries, which often lack money to modernize factories quickly. ( ⑤ ) For example, a small exporter in a poorer nation might struggle to pay the added charge, though it contributes little to global emissions. Still, if wealthier nations pair the policy with technical support, it could become a genuinely fair tool for cutting emissions worldwide.

주어진 문장: This gap between old and new skill sets can make the transition especially challenging for older workers. As governments and companies work to address climate change, a new category of employment known as green jobs has expanded rapidly. ( ① ) These positions include solar panel installers, wind turbine technicians, and specialists who design energy-efficient buildings. ( ② ) Critics point out that transitioning workers from fossil fuel industries to green jobs is not always simple, since the required skills can differ significantly. ( ③ ) Governments are therefore introducing training programs designed to help such workers shift smoothly into renewable energy careers. ( ④ ) Countries that have invested heavily in renewable energy have seen employment in this sector grow far faster than in the economy overall. ( ⑤ ) As climate goals become more urgent worldwide, demand for skilled workers in this expanding field is expected to continue rising steadily.