영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

The gig economy has grown ①rapidly over the past decade, as digital platforms connect customers directly with independent workers. This model offers clear advantages: workers can choose when and how much they work, providing valuable ②rigidity that traditional employment rarely allows. However, gig workers often ③lack benefits such as health insurance and paid leave, which full-time employees typically receive. Because their income can ④fluctuate sharply from month to month, many gig workers struggle to plan their finances confidently. Governments therefore face growing pressure to ⑤protect independent workers through new policies.

Every day, email providers quietly block billions of ① unwanted messages before they ever reach a user's inbox, a task that would be impossible without an AI filtering system running constantly in the background. The filter ② examines each incoming message for suspicious patterns, including certain keywords, unusual sender addresses, and formatting tricks that scammers commonly rely on to slip past detection. What makes the system effective is that it ③ stops learning after launch, since whenever a user marks a message as spam or rescues a message mistakenly filtered out, that action becomes new training data, sharpening the filter's future decisions. This creates a constant back-and-forth, since spammers study which messages get blocked and then ④ adjust their wording to slip through again. As a result, spam filtering is less like a fixed wall and more like an ⑤ ongoing contest, with each side continuously adapting to outsmart the other.

During sleep, the brain does not simply rest; it actively reorganizes the day's experiences into lasting memories through a process called consolidation. Newly formed memories are initially ① fragile and stored primarily in a brain region called the hippocampus, which has ② unlimited long-term capacity. While a person sleeps, particularly during the deep stages of non-REM sleep, neural activity replays these fresh memory traces in rapid, compressed sequences, gradually transferring the information to the cortex for more ③ durable, long-term storage. This replay strengthens the connections between neurons that encoded the original experience, making the memory more ④ resistant to interference from unrelated events the following day. Sleep researchers have demonstrated this effect experimentally: participants who slept after learning a list of word pairs recalled more items the next day than participants who remained awake instead. Crucially, the benefit was not limited to simple recall; sleep also seemed to help participants ⑤ extract general patterns from the material, suggesting that consolidation involves more than passive storage.

Communication scholar Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann proposed the spiral of silence theory to explain why certain opinions ①dominate public discussion while others fade into invisibility. According to this theory, individuals constantly observe their surrounding environment to judge which opinions are widely accepted and which are not. When people sense that their own view belongs to a minority, they often choose to stay ②vocal rather than risk social isolation or criticism. This silence, however, creates a distorted impression that the minority opinion is even ③rarer than it actually is, discouraging additional supporters from speaking up. Over time, this cycle spirals downward, allowing the dominant opinion to appear increasingly ④unanimous while dissenting voices disappear from visible conversation. Social media platforms can intensify this spiral, since visibility metrics make popular opinions instantly ⑤noticeable while unpopular ones remain hidden.

Sociologist Mark Granovetter introduced an idea that seems contradictory at first glance, known as the strength of weak ties. According to this theory, people who see each other only occasionally, called weak ties, often provide more valuable information than close friends or family members, who are considered strong ties. This happens because strong ties tend to share the same social circles and, therefore, already possess similar knowledge. Weak ties, in contrast, move within different networks, which allows them to introduce ideas or opportunities that would otherwise remain unknown. For example, a former classmate rarely contacted might mention a job opening unavailable through one's immediate circle. Social media platforms have made maintaining such connections remarkably easier, letting users keep hundreds of loose acquaintances active without frequent face-to-face meetings. Consequently, these platforms _______________.

Anthropologist Robin Dunbar proposed a concept now known as Dunbar's number, suggesting that human beings can only maintain about one hundred fifty stable social relationships at any given time. This limit, he argued, comes from the size of the human brain, which restricts how many meaningful connections a person can cognitively manage. In contrast, many social media users today have hundreds or even thousands of online friends and followers, a number far exceeding what Dunbar's research predicts. However, having numerous digital contacts does not necessarily mean that all of these relationships are close or emotionally supportive. Most users, when asked, admit that they interact regularly with only a small fraction of their total followers, while the rest remain largely unnoticed. Therefore, Dunbar's number reminds us that ___________.

In recent years, mental health experts have identified a distinct emotional response to environmental crisis, commonly called eco-anxiety. Eco-anxiety describes persistent worry, grief, or fear triggered by awareness of climate change and its consequences for the future. Although people of all ages can experience it, teenagers and young adults seem especially vulnerable, since they anticipate living through decades of worsening conditions. Common symptoms include difficulty sleeping, a sense of hopelessness, and guilt over ordinary choices such as travel or diet. For example, some students report feeling paralyzed whenever they read alarming climate news, unable to focus on schoolwork or hobbies. However, experts emphasize that eco-anxiety is not a disorder to be eliminated but a natural reaction that can be channeled productively. Rather than avoiding the topic, young people are _______________.

Smartphones, tablets, and computer screens all emit a significant amount of blue light, a short-wavelength light that our eyes are especially sensitive to. (A) At night, however, the same wavelength can interfere with the body's natural preparation for sleep by suppressing the release of melatonin. (B) During the day, exposure to blue light from the sun helps keep us alert and mentally sharp, which is generally beneficial. (C) For this reason, some devices now offer a night mode that shifts the display toward warmer tones, though sleep researchers still recommend limiting screen use before bedtime.

Sleep is not a single, uniform state but a cycle that alternates between two very different modes: REM (rapid eye movement) sleep and non-REM sleep. (A) REM sleep, by contrast, brings rapid eye movements and brain activity resembling wakefulness, and is believed to help consolidate memories and process emotions. (B) A healthy night cycles through both stages several times, and disrupting either one can leave a person feeling unrested despite a full night in bed. (C) During non-REM sleep, particularly its deepest stage, the brain waves slow dramatically and the body focuses on physical repair.

The filter bubble does not stay limited to search results; it gradually shapes nearly every aspect of a person's online experience. (A) For instance, a user who frequently watches cooking videos may find that recommended content across multiple platforms becomes overwhelmingly food-related within just a few days. (B) As this pattern continues, the same user may rarely encounter unrelated topics, such as political news or scientific discoveries, unless algorithms judge them relevant. (C) Streaming services, shopping websites, and news aggregators all rely on similar algorithms that learn from previous clicks and viewing habits.