영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Minji had tried for years ①building a bedtime reading habit but always forgot once under the blanket. During summer, she found a method called habit stacking. It means ②attaching a new habit to an existing one so it acts as a reminder. Her existing habit was brushing her teeth every night, so she decided ③to place her book beside her toothbrush. After brushing her teeth, she would pick up the book, ④letting one action trigger the next. Encouraged by this success, Minji stacked another habit onto her morning routine, ⑤reviewing vocabulary words after making her bed.

Psychologist John Suler proposed a concept called the online disinhibition effect, describing how people behave differently on the internet than they do face to face. Because usernames often hide real identities and screens create physical distance from others, individuals feel freer to express themselves without immediate social consequences. This freedom can be ①beneficial, allowing shy people to share honest feelings they would normally hesitate to reveal in person. However, the same anonymity frequently produces a ②darker outcome, encouraging users to post cruel comments they would never say to someone's face. ③Malicious remarks left under celebrities' photos or news articles illustrate how quickly this behavior can spread once a few users set the tone. Such comments often cause ④severe emotional harm to the people who receive them. Therefore, users must recognize that a screen does not erase moral responsibility, and platforms should ⑤weaken accountability rather than letting anonymity excuse harmful conduct.

Sociologists use the term homophily to describe the tendency of people to form connections with others who share ①different backgrounds, opinions, or interests. This principle explains why classmates from the same major often become close friends, while coworkers with shared hobbies naturally gravitate toward one another. Because similarity reduces the effort required to understand another person's perspective, relationships built on shared traits tend to feel ②comfortable and require less negotiation. However, this same comfort can ③narrow the range of viewpoints someone encounters, since surrounding oneself with similar people limits exposure to different ideas. Social media platforms intensify this pattern through recommendation algorithms that suggest new friends based on shared interests or similar browsing history. As a result, users often find their online circles becoming increasingly ④homogeneous, filled with people who think and behave much like themselves. Recognizing this tendency allows individuals to make ⑤deliberate efforts to broaden their social networks.

Have you ever noticed that a ①finished task keeps returning to your mind long after you stopped working? This phenomenon was first noticed by psychologist Bluma Zeigarnik, who saw that waiters remembered ②unpaid orders better than paid ones. Her observation led to what is now called the Zeigarnik effect: people remember ③incomplete tasks more vividly than completed ones. According to this theory, the mind maintains mental tension until a task reaches ④closure, keeping the unfinished task active in memory. Once the task is completed, the tension is ⑤released, and the mind lets go of the details.

Many people believe that building a new habit requires strong willpower or motivation. However, psychologist BJ Fogg argues that habits form more easily when a behavior itself becomes simple to perform. His theory, called the Fogg Behavior Model, states that ___________. When motivation is low, the task must be made extremely easy, or it will not happen at all. For instance, a person who wants to exercise daily succeeds more often by committing to one push-up than to a long workout. Fogg calls this idea the law of least effort, since people naturally choose the option requiring the least energy. A student who wants to read more might leave a book open on the desk rather than setting a vague goal. By lowering the required effort, people reduce the ability barrier and make steady action far more achievable.

This gap remains even after accounting for factors such as study habits, motivation, and overall intelligence. Researchers who study teenagers have found a strong link between how well students sleep and how well they perform in school. ( ① ) Students who sleep fewer than seven hours a night tend to score lower on tests of memory and attention than those who sleep eight or nine hours, even when the two groups study for the same number of hours. ( ② ) One explanation is that sleep plays an active role in learning: during certain stages of sleep, the brain replays and strengthens information encountered during the day, converting fragile short-term memories into more durable long-term ones. ( ③ ) When sleep is cut short, this consolidation process is interrupted before it can finish, so material that seemed well understood the night before often feels unfamiliar the next morning. ( ④ ) For this reason, some schools have begun rethinking early start times, reasoning that an extra hour of sleep might do more for test scores than an extra hour of studying ever could. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: This small success, in turn, created enough momentum that stopping suddenly felt more difficult than continuing. Jian wanted to become a reader for years, but every time he picked up a thick novel, he felt overwhelmed and quickly closed it. ( ① ) His cousin, who had read dozens of books that year, told him about something called the two-minute rule. ( ② ) This rule states that a new habit should be shrunk to under two minutes, since a smaller starting point removes the friction that usually stops people from beginning. ( ③ ) Instead of committing to a full chapter each night, Jian promised himself only to open a book and read one page. ( ④ ) Some nights he stopped after that single page, but most nights, once started, he kept reading for twenty or thirty minutes without noticing. ( ⑤ ) Because the initial barrier became so small, sitting down no longer felt like a burden requiring willpower. Within three months, Jian had finished five books, proving that reducing friction can matter more than motivation itself.

A request as ordinary as asking for tomorrow's weather, for instance, triggers a surprisingly long chain of computation behind the scenes. Smart speakers have quietly become a fixture in many households, responding to spoken requests for weather updates, music, or kitchen timers. ( ① ) Behind this simple exchange lies a complex process: the device converts sound waves into text, interprets the meaning using language models, and then generates a spoken reply, all within a second or two. ( ② ) Because these assistants improve by learning from millions of interactions, they gradually become better at recognizing regional accents and casual phrasing that once confused them. ( ③ ) Still, the technology remains far from perfect. ( ④ ) Background noise, overlapping voices, or an unusual sentence structure can cause the assistant to misunderstand a simple request, sometimes with amusing results. ( ⑤ ) Engineers continue to refine these systems, but many admit that truly natural conversation remains one of the hardest goals in the entire field of artificial intelligence.

주어진 문장: This was her very first trip to the region, so she had nothing to compare the scene to except old photographs taken by earlier scientists. A documentary director named Mira first traveled to a remote Arctic glacier to film its towering cliffs of blue ice, which seemed frozen in time. ( ① ) Standing before the massive wall, she assumed such an enormous structure could hardly change within a lifetime. ( ② ) Five years later, however, she returned to the very same coordinates, expecting her camera to capture an identical scene. ( ③ ) Instead, she discovered that the glacier had retreated so dramatically that the ice cliffs, once visible from her original position, had nearly disappeared, leaving bare rock and pools of meltwater behind. ( ④ ) Comparing the two sets of footage side by side, Mira realized that a transformation she had expected to take centuries was actually happening within a single decade. ( ⑤ ) This encounter convinced her that climate change, which she had previously regarded as a distant statistic, was in fact an urgent process reshaping landscapes before her eyes.

주어진 문장: In other words, silence breeds even more silence, feeding a self-reinforcing cycle. Communication scholar Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann proposed the spiral of silence theory to explain why certain opinions dominate public discussion while others fade into invisibility. ( ① ) According to this theory, individuals constantly observe their surrounding environment to judge which opinions are widely accepted and which are not. ( ② ) When people sense that their own view belongs to a minority, they often choose to stay silent rather than risk social isolation or criticism. ( ③ ) This silence, however, creates a distorted impression that the minority opinion is even rarer than it actually is, discouraging additional supporters from speaking up. ( ④ ) Over time, this cycle spirals downward, allowing the dominant opinion to appear increasingly unanimous while dissenting voices disappear from visible conversation. ( ⑤ ) Social media platforms can intensify this spiral, since visibility metrics make popular opinions instantly noticeable while unpopular ones remain hidden.