영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

In the days leading up to an endurance event, many athletes deliberately increase their carbohydrate intake while reducing training volume, a practice ① known as carbohydrate loading. The strategy ② is design to maximize the amount of glycogen, the storage form of carbohydrate, packed into muscle tissue before competition begins. Because glycogen serves as the primary fuel source during prolonged, intense exercise, entering an event with fuller stores can delay the point of exhaustion that runners often ③ call hitting the wall. Sports nutritionists caution, however, that the timing and composition of meals ④ matter as much as the total quantity of carbohydrate consumed, since eating unfamiliar foods immediately before competition can cause digestive discomfort. Athletes are therefore advised ⑤ to practice their nutrition strategy during training rather than experimenting with it for the first time on race day.

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and restarts during sleep, often because the muscles at the back of the throat relax too much and block the airway. Each pause can last from a few seconds to over a minute, and it may occur dozens of times in a single night without the sleeper ever ① waking up fully. Because these interruptions rarely produce a clear memory the next morning, many people remain ② unaware that anything is wrong, even as chronic fatigue, headaches, and irritability build up over months. Doctors therefore rely less on a patient's own account of the night and more on objective measurements, such as overnight oxygen levels and airflow patterns ③ recording in a sleep laboratory. ④ Left untreated, the disorder has been linked to serious long-term risks, including high blood pressure and heart disease, which makes an accurate diagnosis far more urgent than its subtle nighttime symptoms might ⑤ suggest.

A short nap taken in the early afternoon, often called a power nap, can noticeably sharpen attention and mood without ① leaving a person groggy afterward. The key lies in timing: naps limited to roughly twenty minutes allow the brain ② to pass through the lightest stages of sleep while avoiding the deeper stages associated with slow-wave activity. If a nap extends much beyond that window, the sleeper risks ③ waking during deep sleep, which produces a foggy, disoriented feeling known as sleep inertia that can persist for thirty minutes or more. Laboratory studies ④ comparing napping and non-napping groups have repeatedly shown that a brief nap improves reaction time and short-term memory almost as effectively as a full night of extra rest. Interestingly, the benefit appears strongest when the nap occurs several hours after waking, since this is when the body's natural dip in alertness makes rest most ⑤ effectively.

As companies collect enormous amounts of personal data to improve their products and target advertisements, serious ethical questions ①have emerged about how that information should be handled. Employees who work with big data now face responsibilities ②that previous generations rarely encountered, since a single careless decision can expose millions of people's private information. Some argue that strict regulations should govern data collection, even if such rules ③slow innovation and increase costs for businesses. Others insist that self-regulation within companies, guided by clear ethical training, can ④protects consumers just as effectively without stifling progress. Universities have begun adding data ethics courses to computer science programs, ⑤recognizing that future employees will need to balance innovation with responsibility.

As technology continues to reshape the job market, educators and employers increasingly agree on which skills ①will matter most in the coming decades. Technical literacy, including basic coding and data analysis, has ②became nearly as fundamental as reading and writing once were. Beyond technical knowledge, however, employers consistently rank problem-solving and adaptability among the most valuable qualities in job candidates. Workers who can quickly learn new tools and adjust to unfamiliar situations tend ③to remain employable even as entire industries transform. Communication skills also matter more than ever, since many future jobs will require ④collaborating with both human colleagues and intelligent systems. Schools have begun redesigning curricula to emphasize these competencies, ⑤moving away from memorization toward project-based learning.

During sleep, the brain does not simply rest; it actively reorganizes the day's experiences into lasting memories through a process called consolidation. Newly formed memories are initially ① fragile and stored primarily in a brain region called the hippocampus, which has ② unlimited long-term capacity. While a person sleeps, particularly during the deep stages of non-REM sleep, neural activity replays these fresh memory traces in rapid, compressed sequences, gradually transferring the information to the cortex for more ③ durable, long-term storage. This replay strengthens the connections between neurons that encoded the original experience, making the memory more ④ resistant to interference from unrelated events the following day. Sleep researchers have demonstrated this effect experimentally: participants who slept after learning a list of word pairs recalled more items the next day than participants who remained awake instead. Crucially, the benefit was not limited to simple recall; sleep also seemed to help participants ⑤ extract general patterns from the material, suggesting that consolidation involves more than passive storage.

Sleep hygiene refers to a set of simple daily habits that help the body prepare for consistent, ① restorative rest. Experts commonly recommend going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, even on weekends, because an irregular schedule ② clarifies the body's internal clock and makes it harder to fall asleep on demand. They also advise reserving the bedroom for sleep alone, since using the bed to study, scroll through a phone, or watch videos teaches the brain to associate that space with ③ wakeful activity rather than rest. Physical environment matters as well: a cool, dark, and quiet room tends to produce ④ deeper sleep than one that is warm, bright, or noisy. None of these individual habits guarantees a good night's sleep on its own, but together they form a routine that gradually trains the body to expect and enter sleep more easily, much the way a ⑤ consistent set of cues trains an athlete's body to perform at a certain time each day.

주어진 문장: Without independent verification, however, such labels can mean almost anything the company wants them to mean. Many companies today advertise their products as environmentally friendly, yet not all of these claims are accurate. ( ① ) This practice, known as greenwashing, involves exaggerating or fabricating a product's positive impact on the environment. ( ② ) Some brands print vague terms such as "natural" or "eco-conscious" on packaging without providing any evidence to support these labels. ( ③ ) Consumers, who are increasingly concerned about climate change, often trust such claims without questioning them closely. ( ④ ) As a result, they may pay higher prices for products that are no more sustainable than ordinary alternatives. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, governments should establish clear standards that require companies to prove their environmental claims with verifiable data.

This is precisely the kind of disruption that white noise is designed to prevent. Many people struggling to fall asleep in noisy environments turn to white noise machines, devices that emit a steady, uniform sound covering a broad range of frequencies. ( ① ) The appeal lies in a phenomenon called auditory masking, in which a constant background sound makes sudden noises, such as a slamming door, less noticeable to the sleeping brain. ( ② ) Without this masking effect, an abrupt change in sound is far more likely to trigger a brief awakening, even if the sleeper does not consciously remember it the next morning. ( ③ ) Studies comparing sleep in quiet rooms with sleep alongside white noise have found that participants using white noise experienced fewer of these brief awakenings and reported feeling more rested. ( ④ ) However, researchers caution that the benefit depends heavily on volume and consistency, since noise that is too loud or that varies unpredictably can itself become a source of disruption rather than a remedy. ( ⑤ ) Such backfiring effects remind us that more sound is not always better for a restless sleeper.

주어진 문장: She was surprised at how little willpower this required once the routine became familiar. Minji had tried for years to build a bedtime reading habit but always forgot once under the blanket. ( ① ) During summer, she found a method called habit stacking. It means attaching a new habit to an existing one so it acts as a reminder. ( ② ) Her existing habit was brushing her teeth every night, so she decided to place her book beside her toothbrush. ( ③ ) After brushing her teeth, she would pick up the book, letting one action trigger the next. ( ④ ) Within two weeks, opening the book after brushing felt almost automatic, requiring no conscious effort. ( ⑤ ) Encouraged by this success, Minji stacked another habit onto her morning routine, reviewing vocabulary words after making her bed.