영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Every cell in the human body follows an internal timer known as the circadian rhythm, a roughly twenty-four-hour cycle ① that governs when we feel alert and when we feel drowsy. This clock is regulated primarily by a tiny cluster of neurons in the brain ② that responds to light entering through the eyes. When morning sunlight strikes the retina, the cluster signals the body ③ to suppress sleep hormones and raise body temperature, preparing us for activity. As evening approaches and light fades, the same mechanism triggers the release of melatonin, a hormone ④ promotes drowsiness. Because this rhythm evolved around the natural cycle of day and night, modern habits such as staying indoors under artificial light or working night shifts can push the internal clock out of sync with the external environment. Such misalignment does not simply cause tiredness; it has also ⑤ been associated with digestive problems and reduced concentration, suggesting that timing matters as much as total sleep hours.

After a viewer finishes an episode, a streaming service rarely ① leave the choice of what to watch next entirely up to chance. Instead, a recommendation algorithm compares that viewer's habits with patterns ② drawn from millions of other users who watched similar content, then ranks thousands of titles in order of predicted interest. This approach keeps viewers engaged far longer than a simple list of new releases ever could, which is precisely why streaming companies invest so heavily in ③ refining it. The system is not without drawbacks, however. Because the algorithm favors titles similar to what a viewer already enjoys, it can quietly narrow someone's exposure to unfamiliar genres, directors, or cultures, ④ creating a comfortable but repetitive bubble. Some platforms have begun inserting occasional wildcard suggestions, deliberately unrelated to past viewing habits, in an attempt ⑤ to counteract this narrowing effect.

Artificial intelligence has begun to play a surprising role in creative industries once thought to be uniquely human. Some artists ①welcome this technology, using AI tools to explore new styles or overcome creative blocks that once took weeks to resolve. Others, however, argue that AI-generated art ②lacks the emotional depth that comes from genuine human experience. Despite this debate, most experts agree that AI is unlikely to fully ③replace artists anytime soon. Instead, it functions best as a collaborative tool, helping creators experiment ④faster while leaving final artistic decisions to humans. Therefore, artists who learn to work alongside AI may find themselves with a distinct ⑤disadvantage in this rapidly changing industry.

Melatonin is a hormone produced by a small gland deep within the brain, and its release follows a remarkably ① unpredictable daily pattern. Levels stay low throughout the bright hours of the day, begin rising in the evening as darkness falls, peak in the middle of the night, and then ② decline again as morning approaches. This rhythm is controlled primarily by light: specialized cells in the eye detect brightness and send signals that either permit or suppress melatonin production, which is why exposure to bright screens late at night can ③ delay its release and make falling asleep more difficult. Unlike some hormones that directly cause the body to perform a task, melatonin does not force sleep to occur; instead, it signals to the rest of the body that night has arrived, preparing various systems to shift into a ④ lower-energy state. Because of this signaling role, taking melatonin supplements at the wrong time can shift a person's internal clock in the ⑤ opposite direction from what was intended.

The planning fallacy describes the tendency to underestimate how long a task will take, even when experience suggests otherwise. Psychologists who studied this bias found that ___________. They focus less on how similar projects actually unfolded before. A student who insists an essay takes two hours, despite needing five hours for every previous essay, shows a clear instance of the fallacy. Large construction projects offer another example. Officials frequently predict completion dates that later prove far too optimistic once delays appear. One reason this bias persists is that people rarely review their history of missed deadlines, relying instead on hopeful imagination. Some researchers recommend a technique called reference class forecasting, comparing a new task to similar completed tasks. By anchoring predictions to real outcomes, planners can produce estimates that are considerably more accurate.

Highlighting an awkward sentence and instantly seeing three smoother alternatives has become a routine part of writing for many students, thanks to AI writing assistants built into word processors and browsers. Teachers generally welcome the grammar and spelling support, since it frees up class time to focus on argument and structure rather than comma placement. Concerns grow, however, around the tone and phrasing suggestions, which can gradually nudge every student's writing toward a similar, polished style, meaning that _______________. Some schools have begun asking students to submit an early draft alongside the final version, specifically to preserve evidence of a student's own original voice.

As technology continues to reshape nearly every profession, the idea of finishing education after graduation has become outdated. Workers who once expected their initial training to last an entire career now find that skills can become obsolete within just a few years. Lifelong learning, therefore, ___________. Many professionals now take short online courses, attend workshops, or earn new certifications while continuing to work full-time.

For decades, athletes were taught to stretch a muscle and hold the position before any competition, believing that this practice alone would prevent injury. (A) Recent research, however, has complicated that assumption, since static stretching can actually reduce a muscle's ability to generate explosive force immediately afterward. (B) Dynamic stretching, by contrast, involves controlled, repeated movement through a joint's full range of motion and appears to prepare muscles for activity without this weakening effect. (C) As a result, many coaches now recommend saving static stretching for after a workout while reserving dynamic movements for the warm-up period before intense effort begins.

주어진 문장: This difference in regulation can create an uneven playing field between the two factories, since one operates under far tighter restrictions than the other. Imagine two factories making the same product: one in a country with strict carbon rules, and one in a country with almost none. ( ① ) The factory facing stricter rules often spends more, which can make its goods pricier than those made elsewhere. ( ② ) To fix this imbalance, some governments have introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism, a policy charging imported goods a fee based on how much carbon was released while producing them. ( ③ ) Supporters argue that the system protects domestic industries and pushes foreign manufacturers toward cleaner methods. ( ④ ) However, critics claim it unfairly burdens developing countries, which often lack money to modernize factories quickly. ( ⑤ ) For example, a small exporter in a poorer nation might struggle to pay the added charge, though it contributes little to global emissions. Still, if wealthier nations pair the policy with technical support, it could become a genuinely fair tool for cutting emissions worldwide.

주어진 문장: The financial and reputational damage caused by a single attack can be enormous. As more businesses move their operations online, cyberattacks have become one of the most serious threats facing modern companies. ( ① ) Hackers now target everything from small retail websites to massive financial institutions, stealing sensitive data or demanding ransom payments. ( ② ) In response, demand for cybersecurity professionals has surged across nearly every industry. ( ③ ) These specialists design systems that detect suspicious activity, patch vulnerabilities before criminals can exploit them, and train employees to recognize phishing attempts. ( ④ ) Universities have responded by creating specialized degree programs, while many companies now offer scholarships to attract students into this growing field. ( ⑤ ) Despite this expansion, experts estimate that millions of cybersecurity positions worldwide remain unfilled.