영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Fast fashion refers to cheap, trendy clothing ①**produced** quickly and replaced almost as fast as it is bought. Because these garments are ②**designed** to be worn only a few times, huge amounts of fabric end up in landfills every year, and the dyeing process pollutes rivers near factories. In contrast, a growing number of brands are turning toward the circular economy, an economic model in which materials are ③**reused**, repaired, or recycled instead of being thrown away after a single use. For example, some companies collect old clothes, break down the fibers, and weave them into new fabric, while others let customers ④**to rent** outfits for special occasions rather than buying garments they will barely wear. These approaches keep resources ⑤**circulating** within the system longer, reducing demand for raw materials. Therefore, shifting from a throwaway habit toward a circular one may be essential for making the fashion industry sustainable.

Retailers use a variety of techniques ①designed to encourage customers to make unplanned purchases. Online stores achieve a similar effect through countdown timers that ②create a false sense of urgency. Bright colors, cheerful music, and pleasant scents are also carefully chosen to put customers in a relaxed mood, ③making them less likely to think critically about their spending. Critics argue that these tactics ④exploits human psychology rather than genuinely informing consumers about a product's value. Shoppers who understand these strategies are better equipped ⑤to resist them.

Limited-edition products are goods that are released in small quantities for a ①short period of time. Many companies use this strategy because scarcity naturally ②decreases how much people desire an item. When consumers believe that a product will disappear soon, they often feel ③pressured to buy it immediately rather than wait. This excitement is ④intensified by social media, where people proudly share photos of items that others could not obtain. As a result, some shoppers later ⑤regret spending money on products they rarely use afterward.

Companies argue that this approach benefits consumers by showing advertisements that are more ①relevant to their actual interests rather than random, generic promotions. However, many critics contend that this level of tracking raises serious concerns about privacy, since users rarely understand how ②extensively their behavior is being monitored. Furthermore, personalized advertising can trap users in a narrow bubble, ③limiting their exposure to alternatives. Supporters counter that consumers who dislike targeted ads can simply adjust their privacy settings, though ④few people actually take the time to do so. Given these competing concerns, policymakers must strike a ⑤careless balance between allowing innovation and protecting individual privacy rights.

Time-management researchers frequently mention a principle known as Parkinson's Law, which states that ___________. According to this idea, a task that could be finished in one hour will often stretch to fill an entire afternoon if that much time is scheduled for it. Students who set vague deadlines frequently experience this effect, spending extra hours refining a report that was already complete. Employees given a full week for a simple project may also delay meaningful progress until the final days, even though the actual work requires far less effort. This pattern happens partly because people unconsciously adjust their pace to match perceived urgency. Setting shorter, more specific deadlines can counter this tendency, forcing tasks to fit within a tighter and more realistic window. By recognizing how flexible time encourages unnecessary delay, individuals can complete assignments more efficiently without sacrificing quality.

Minimalism has become an appealing lifestyle choice for many young adults today. (A) As they discard unnecessary belongings, many report feeling less stressed and more focused on what truly matters to them. (B) Rather than accumulating possessions, they choose to keep only items that serve a clear purpose. (C) This shift often begins with a single frustrating experience, such as moving to a new home with too many boxes.

Many self-help books emphasize the cue-routine-reward loop as a tool for building better habits. (A) For example, athletes who want to build a stretching habit often rely on a specific cue, such as arriving at the gym, to trigger the same short routine every time. (B) Over time, this consistent pairing strengthens the neural pathway connecting the cue to the routine, making the behavior feel almost automatic. (C) According to this model, every habit consists of three connected parts: a cue that triggers behavior, a routine that follows, and a reward that reinforces it.

The Pomodoro Technique was originally developed using a simple kitchen timer shaped like a tomato. (A) Its creator discovered that dividing study time into short, timed intervals made it far easier to maintain concentration than studying for hours without pause. (B) Today, many productivity apps replicate this same twenty-five-minute cycle, allowing users to track their focused sessions digitally. (C) Based on this discovery, he designed a structured cycle of focused work followed by brief rest, which eventually became known worldwide.

주어진 문장: Researchers have found that people who use this method are significantly more likely to follow through on their goals than those who rely on willpower alone. Last January, Minji wrote the same resolution she always wrote: study English for an hour every day. ( ① ) By February, she had already quit, just as in previous years. Frustrated, she asked her teacher why her willpower always failed, and learned about a concept called implementation intentions. ( ② ) This idea, developed by psychologists, means forming a specific if-then plan that links a certain situation to a certain action in advance. ( ③ ) Instead of vaguely intending to study more, Minji made a precise plan: if she finished dinner, then she would study for thirty minutes. ( ④ ) She also prepared a backup plan: if she felt too tired, then she would study for just ten minutes instead of skipping entirely. ( ⑤ ) Because these plans removed the need to decide anything in the moment, starting became far easier for Minji. By December, she had studied for eleven straight months, proving that clear if-then plans beat vague intentions.

주어진 문장: Still, the risk of falling behind outweighs the discomfort of constant adjustment, most experts say. As technology continues to reshape nearly every profession, the idea of finishing education after graduation has become outdated. ( ① ) Workers who once expected their initial training to last an entire career now find that skills can become obsolete within just a few years. ( ② ) Lifelong learning, therefore, has shifted from being an optional pursuit to a practical necessity for staying competitive in the job market. ( ③ ) Many professionals now take short online courses, attend workshops, or earn new certifications while continuing to work full-time. ( ④ ) Critics argue that constant learning can be exhausting and difficult to balance with personal responsibilities. ( ⑤ ) In a rapidly changing economy, the ability to learn continuously may matter more than any single degree.