영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Automation is transforming labor markets more quickly than economists predicted only a decade ago. Factories once staffed by hundreds of workers now rely on robotic arms ①that assemble products with remarkable precision. Warehouses use automated systems ②to sort and deliver packages within a few hours. This shift does not simply eliminate jobs; it also creates roles that ③never exists before. Technicians who maintain robotic equipment are now in high demand, and engineers who design efficient systems ④are highly valued. Policymakers argue that retraining programs ⑤are essential to help displaced workers move into emerging fields.

Long before a user finishes typing a sentence, the keyboard on most smartphones has already begun ①guessing what word comes next. This feature relies on a language model ②trained to notice which words commonly follow one another, so it can offer a shortlist of likely candidates above the keyboard, saving users countless keystrokes over the course of a day. The system also adapts to each individual, gradually ③learning a person's favorite phrases, slang, and even the names of friends that no generic dictionary would recognize. This constant personalization, however, creates a subtle side effect that few users ④notices. Because the keyboard nudges people toward its own suggestions, some linguists worry that autocomplete may be quietly narrowing everyday vocabulary, encouraging writers ⑤to accept a convenient suggestion rather than searching for the more precise word.

Skipping a proper warm-up before intense exercise might seem like a harmless way to save a few minutes, but the practice carries real physiological costs. A cold muscle is ①more flexible and less elastic than a warm one, making it considerably more prone to strains and tears when suddenly asked to contract forcefully. Gradually raising body temperature through light activity ②increases blood flow to the muscles, allowing oxygen to reach tissue more efficiently and enabling nerve signals to travel faster between the brain and the muscle fibers. A proper warm-up also raises heart rate gradually, ③easing the cardiovascular system into strenuous work rather than shocking it with a sudden demand. Athletes who warm up thoroughly tend to report ④better performance in the early minutes of competition, since their bodies are already ⑤primed rather than adjusting on the fly.

Psychologist John Suler proposed a concept called the online disinhibition effect, describing how people behave differently on the internet than they do face to face. Because usernames often hide real identities and screens create physical distance from others, individuals feel freer to express themselves without immediate social consequences. This freedom can be ①beneficial, allowing shy people to share honest feelings they would normally hesitate to reveal in person. However, the same anonymity frequently produces a ②darker outcome, encouraging users to post cruel comments they would never say to someone's face. ③Malicious remarks left under celebrities' photos or news articles illustrate how quickly this behavior can spread once a few users set the tone. Such comments often cause ④severe emotional harm to the people who receive them. Therefore, users must recognize that a screen does not erase moral responsibility, and platforms should ⑤weaken accountability rather than letting anonymity excuse harmful conduct.

Modern factories increasingly rely on collaborative robots, often called cobots, which are designed to work ①safely alongside human employees. Unlike traditional industrial robots that operate behind safety cages, cobots use sensors to detect nearby workers and adjust their movements accordingly. Cobots typically handle repetitive or physically demanding tasks, while human workers focus on tasks that require ②judgment and fine motor skills. This division of labor increases overall ③efficiency, since each side contributes what it does best. Manufacturers who have introduced cobots report ④more workplace injuries, largely because employees no longer perform exhausting repetitive motions all day. As the technology becomes more affordable, smaller companies are also beginning to ⑤adopt cobots.

Only a decade ago, translation apps produced sentences so ①awkward that users often laughed at the results rather than trusting them. Today, many of these apps rely on neural networks that analyze entire sentences at once, capturing context instead of translating word by word. This shift has made everyday tasks such as reading a foreign menu or chatting with an overseas friend remarkably ②chaotic. Frequent travelers now point their phone cameras at street signs and receive an ③instant translation overlaid on the screen. Even so, the technology still struggles with humor, sarcasm, and cultural nuance, areas where a single wrong word can ④completely change the intended meaning. For this reason, professional translators argue that these apps are best treated as a helpful ⑤starting point rather than a final, polished result.

VO2 max, defined as the maximum volume of oxygen a person's body can consume and use during intense exercise, is widely regarded as one of the best single indicators of cardiorespiratory fitness. Elite endurance athletes typically post VO2 max values far higher than those of untrained individuals. While genetics accounts for a substantial portion of an individual's potential VO2 max, consistent aerobic training can still raise the measurement considerably over months of dedicated effort. It is worth noting, however, that a high VO2 max does not guarantee success in competition, since _______________.

The rise of green jobs illustrates how environmental policy can reshape entire industries. (A) However, critics note that shifting from fossil fuel jobs to green jobs is not always straightforward, since the two require different sets of skills. (B) These positions, ranging from solar panel installation to energy-efficient building design, have grown especially fast in countries investing heavily in renewable energy. (C) To address this gap, governments are introducing training programs that help workers transition smoothly between industries.

As the metaverse develops, entirely new categories of professional work are emerging alongside it. (A) Virtual event planners, for instance, now organize concerts and conferences that take place entirely within digital platforms. (B) Some skepticism remains, since the technology has not yet attracted the enormous user base that early predictions promised. (C) Despite this uncertainty, major companies continue to invest heavily, betting that virtual spaces will eventually rival physical venues in importance.

주어진 문장: Unlike traditional employees, these workers are typically classified as independent contractors. The gig economy, in which people take on short-term or freelance jobs instead of full-time positions, has grown rapidly over the past decade. Digital platforms now connect customers directly with drivers, designers, writers, and countless other independent workers within minutes. ( ① ) This model offers clear advantages: workers can choose when and how much they work, and businesses can hire help only when they actually need it. ( ② ) For many young people entering the job market, gig work provides valuable flexibility that traditional employment rarely allows. ( ③ ) However, gig workers often lack benefits such as health insurance, paid leave, and retirement savings, which full-time employees typically receive. ( ④ ) Because their income can fluctuate sharply from month to month, many gig workers struggle to plan their finances confidently. ( ⑤ ) As this sector continues to expand, governments face growing pressure to design policies that protect independent workers.