영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Many people believe that ①building a new habit requires strong willpower or motivation. However, psychologist BJ Fogg argues that habits form more easily when a behavior itself ②become simple to perform. His theory, called the Fogg Behavior Model, states that a behavior happens only when motivation, ability, and a prompt ③occur together. When motivation is low, the model suggests, the task must ④be made extremely easy, or it will not happen at all. For instance, a person who wants to exercise daily succeeds more often by committing to one push-up than to a long workout. Fogg calls this idea the law of least effort, since people naturally choose the option ⑤requiring the least energy.

Minji had tried for years ①building a bedtime reading habit but always forgot once under the blanket. During summer, she found a method called habit stacking. It means ②attaching a new habit to an existing one so it acts as a reminder. Her existing habit was brushing her teeth every night, so she decided ③to place her book beside her toothbrush. After brushing her teeth, she would pick up the book, ④letting one action trigger the next. Encouraged by this success, Minji stacked another habit onto her morning routine, ⑤reviewing vocabulary words after making her bed.

Mira had lived in a coastal village since birth, ①watching the tide creep closer to her family's doorstep every year. When the sea finally swallowed the rice paddies that ②had fed her village for generations, her parents decided that staying was no longer possible. Together with many neighbors, they packed what little they could carry and moved inland, becoming what experts now ③calls climate migrants, people forced to abandon their homes because of rising seas, droughts, or other disasters. This term, rarely used a decade ago, has become increasingly common as extreme weather ④displaces communities worldwide. Mira missed her old house terribly, yet she slowly began to build a new life in the crowded city, learning to adapt just as her ancestors once had. International organizations, however, still struggle to agree on how ⑤to protect people like her, since climate migrants are not officially recognized as refugees under current law.

Feed an AI music program a mood, a tempo, and a rough genre, and within seconds it can generate a complete instrumental track, ready to be dropped under a video or used as background music for a small business. The software has studied thousands of existing songs, learning which chord progressions and rhythms tend to sound ① pleasant together, and it ② recombines these patterns into something new rather than copying any single source directly. For independent creators who cannot afford a composer or expensive licensing fees, this has been a genuine ③ breakthrough. Professional musicians, however, remain divided. Some welcome the tool as a quick way to sketch ideas before refining them by hand, while others ④ celebrate that a flood of AI-generated background music could quietly push human composers out of smaller, lower-budget projects. ⑤ the very jobs many musicians once relied on to build a career.

Instead of typing keywords into a search bar, a growing number of people now simply upload a photo and let an algorithm figure out what it contains. This process, known as reverse image search, compares the visual patterns in a picture against a massive database, identifying everything from a landmark in the background to the exact model of a pair of sneakers. Shoppers use it to find where an item seen on the street can be purchased, while students use it to ① identify plants, insects, or historical artworks in seconds. The system works by breaking an image down into countless small features, such as edges, colors, and shapes, then matching that pattern against millions of stored examples. It is ② flawless, however; a ③ blurry photo, an unusual camera angle, or an object partly hidden behind another can easily ④ confuse the algorithm, leading to search results that have ⑤ nothing to do with the original picture at all.

Sleep hygiene refers to a set of simple daily habits that help the body prepare for consistent, restorative rest. Experts commonly recommend going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, even on weekends, because an irregular schedule confuses the body's internal clock and makes it harder to fall asleep on demand. They also advise reserving the bedroom for sleep alone, since using the bed to study, scroll through a phone, or watch videos teaches the brain to associate that space with wakeful activity rather than rest. Physical environment matters as well: a cool, dark, and quiet room tends to produce deeper sleep than one that is warm, bright, or noisy. None of these individual habits guarantees a good night's sleep on its own, but together they form a routine that _______________, much the way a consistent set of cues trains an athlete's body to perform at a certain time each day.

A smartwatch strapped to a runner's wrist can now do far more than simply count steps; it monitors heart rate variability, running form, and recovery time, then uses that data to suggest a training plan tailored to the individual. When the device detects signs of overtraining, it may recommend a lighter workout or an extra rest day before fatigue turns into an actual injury. Amateur athletes often credit this kind of guidance with helping them train more consistently without pushing their bodies too hard. Sports scientists note an important caveat, however: _______________.

Imagine a cafeteria where a healthy salad sits at eye level while fried snacks rest on a low shelf. Nobody is forbidden from choosing the snacks, yet most people quietly pick the salad instead. This simple technique illustrates a nudge, a concept from behavioral economics _______________. Companies and governments increasingly apply nudges to encourage sustainable consumption. For example, some hotels print reminders on towels stating that most guests reuse them, which persuades new guests to do the same and save water. Similarly, energy bills that compare a household's usage with that of efficient neighbors often lead people to reduce electricity use. Unlike strict regulations or heavy taxes, nudges rely on subtle changes in design rather than force. Critics argue nudges alone cannot solve large environmental problems, but combined with stronger policies, they can meaningfully shift everyday habits toward sustainability.

For years, a small riverside village had suffered from flooding that grew worse with each passing summer. (A) In addition, several families whose houses stood in the most vulnerable areas relocated to higher ground, and the village installed an early warning system that sent alerts to residents' phones whenever river levels rose dangerously fast. (B) When a powerful storm struck three years later, the new measures proved effective, and the village suffered only minor damage instead of the devastating losses it had previously faced, becoming a model for neighboring communities. (C) Frustrated residents eventually decided to pursue climate adaptation, adjusting their infrastructure and habits to reduce the damage caused by increasingly unpredictable weather, and engineers began by widening the drainage canals surrounding the village so that excess rainwater could flow away more efficiently.

주어진 문장: Vague intentions, by contrast, give the brain no clear signal about when effort should begin or end. Setting a goal such as 'I will study harder' rarely leads to meaningful improvement. ( ① ) According to psychologists Edwin Locke and Gary Latham, specific and challenging goals produce far better performance than vague or easy ones. ( ② ) This idea, known as goal-setting theory, suggests that clear targets direct attention and sustain effort over time. ( ③ ) To apply this theory effectively, many educators recommend the SMART framework, which requires goals to be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. ( ④ ) For instance, a student following this framework might say, 'I will memorize thirty new words every week for two months.' Because the goal includes a clear number and a deadline, progress becomes easy to track and evaluate. Challenging goals also tend to increase motivation, since people often work harder when a target feels meaningfully difficult rather than trivially simple. ( ⑤ )