영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

When people consistently sleep too little, the body's hormonal balance shifts in ways that can quietly ① encourage weight gain. Two hormones in particular play opposing roles in regulating appetite: leptin signals fullness to the brain, while ghrelin ② stimulate the sensation of hunger. Studies show that sleep deprivation lowers leptin levels while raising ghrelin levels, so a tired body ends up ③ feeling hungrier than it actually needs to be, even after a normal-sized meal. At the same time, insufficient sleep interferes with how efficiently the body processes glucose, making cells less responsive to insulin and ④ leaving more sugar circulating in the bloodstream than usual. Over months or years, this combination of increased appetite and reduced insulin sensitivity can contribute to steady weight gain and ⑤ raise the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Parents and coaches sometimes worry that heavy resistance training might damage the growth plates in a young athlete's bones, cartilage regions near the ends of long bones that are ① responsible for lengthening as a child develops. This concern kept strength training out of many youth programs for decades. However, extensive research over the past twenty years has found ② little evidence that properly supervised resistance training harms growth plates in healthy children. The actual risk arises not from lifting weights itself but from ③ poor technique, excessive load, and inadequate supervision. Major pediatric and sports medicine organizations now generally agree that structured strength programs, when taught with correct form and appropriate weight, can safely ④ improve bone density, coordination, and injury resistance in young athletes. The key variable, in other words, is not whether children lift weights but how carefully that training is ⑤ ignored.

Recovering from a serious sports injury involves far more than simply waiting for torn tissue to heal; it requires a carefully structured program that ① gradually reintroduces stress to the affected area. Immediately after an injury, rest and gentle range-of-motion exercises help prevent stiffness without ② disturbing the healing tissue. As pain subsides, therapists introduce light resistance training, slowly ③ weakening strength in muscles that have weakened from disuse. Progressing too quickly at this stage is a common mistake, since tissue that appears healed on the surface may still be ④ structurally fragile beneath it. Skipping the final stage, even when an athlete feels fully recovered, dramatically ⑤ increases the risk of re-injury.

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and restarts during sleep, often because the muscles at the back of the throat ① relax too much and block the airway. Each pause can last from a few seconds to over a minute, and it may occur dozens of times in a single night without the sleeper ever ② waking up fully. Because these interruptions rarely produce a clear memory the next morning, many people remain ③ unaware that anything is wrong, even as chronic fatigue, headaches, and irritability build up over months. Doctors therefore rely less on a patient's own account of the night and more on ④ subjective measurements, such as overnight oxygen levels and airflow patterns recorded in a sleep laboratory. Left untreated, the disorder has been linked to serious long-term risks, including high blood pressure and heart disease, which makes an accurate diagnosis far more ⑤ urgent than its subtle nighttime symptoms might suggest.

After a strenuous workout, muscle fibers experience thousands of ① microscopic tears, and the body immediately begins a repair process that ultimately makes the muscle stronger than it was before. This repair depends heavily on amino acids, the building blocks that protein supplies, which is why sports scientists recommend consuming protein within a couple of hours after training. Waiting too long to eat can ② slow recovery, since a muscle's sensitivity to amino acids gradually declines once that window closes. Many athletes assume that eating an enormous quantity of protein in a single sitting will ③ delay this process, but the body can only use a limited amount at once; the rest is simply burned for energy or stored as fat. For this reason, nutritionists generally advise spreading moderate portions of protein ④ evenly across several meals throughout the day rather than saving it all for one large post-workout ⑤ meal.

Coaches have traditionally focused athlete preparation on training volume and nutrition, but a growing body of research suggests that sleep deserves equal attention. During deep sleep, the body releases growth hormone, a substance essential for repairing muscle tissue damaged during intense training, while the brain consolidates motor skills practiced earlier that day into more stable, efficient patterns. As a result, _______________. Frequent travel across time zones compounds this challenge considerably, since jet lag can disrupt an athlete's natural sleep-wake cycle for several days after a long flight, sometimes right before an important competition.

Mira had lived in a coastal village since birth, watching the tide creep closer to her family's doorstep every year. When the sea finally swallowed the rice paddies that had fed her village for generations, her parents decided that staying was no longer possible. Together with many neighbors, they packed what little they could carry and moved inland, becoming what experts now call climate migrants, _______________. This term, rarely used a decade ago, has become increasingly common as extreme weather displaces communities worldwide. Mira missed her old house terribly, yet she slowly began to build a new life in the crowded city, learning to adapt just as her ancestors once had. International organizations, however, still struggle to agree on how to protect people like her, since climate migrants are not officially recognized as refugees under current law.

Sleep debt refers to the cumulative gap between the amount of sleep a person needs and the amount they actually get. (A) Unlike a financial debt, however, this deficit cannot simply be repaid with a single long weekend of rest. (B) When someone loses two hours of sleep every night for a week, the body does not treat the shortage as fourteen separate small losses; instead, it accumulates the deficit, and the resulting impairment in attention and mood can resemble that of a person who has been awake for an entire night. (C) Researchers have found that even modest, chronic sleep restriction gradually impairs reaction time and decision-making, often without the affected person noticing the decline. This is because subjective feelings of tiredness tend to plateau after a few days, even as objective performance keeps deteriorating. Consequently, people frequently underestimate how much sleep debt they are carrying until a demanding task suddenly exposes the accumulated cost.

Turning on automatic captions used to mean settling for garbled text full of obvious errors, but recent speech-recognition models have made same-language captions accurate enough that many viewers now leave them on by default. (A) For viewers who are deaf or hard of hearing, this improvement has quietly transformed everyday access to video content that once required a human transcriber and a considerable amount of time to caption properly. (B) The technology listens to audio, breaks it into individual sounds, and matches those sounds against a massive library of words and phrases to predict what was actually said. (C) The system still stumbles over overlapping speakers, strong accents, and specialized vocabulary, occasionally producing captions that are unintentionally funny.

Some schools have begun asking students to submit an early draft alongside the final version, specifically to preserve evidence of a student's own original voice. Highlighting an awkward sentence and instantly seeing three smoother alternatives has become a routine part of writing for many students, thanks to AI writing assistants built into word processors and browsers. ( ① ) These tools check grammar and spelling, of course, but the more advanced versions go further, suggesting clearer phrasing, flagging repetitive words, and even adjusting tone to sound more formal or more casual depending on the purpose. ( ② ) Teachers generally welcome the grammar and spelling support, since it frees up class time to focus on argument and structure rather than comma placement. ( ③ ) Concerns grow, however, around the tone and phrasing suggestions, which can gradually nudge every student's writing toward a similar, polished style. ( ④ ) This makes it harder to tell an individual voice from a suggestion generated by the same underlying model. ( ⑤ )