영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

As more businesses move their operations online, cyberattacks ①have become one of the most serious threats facing modern companies. Hackers now target everything from small retail websites to massive financial institutions, ②stealing sensitive data or demanding ransom payments. These specialists design systems ③that detect suspicious activity, patch vulnerabilities before criminals can exploit them, and train employees to recognize phishing attempts. Unlike many technical fields, cybersecurity requires constant learning, ④since hackers continually develop new methods to bypass existing defenses. Universities have responded by creating specialized degree programs, while many companies now ⑤offers scholarships to attract students into this growing field.

Opening most camera apps today reveals a row of filters that can smooth skin, brighten eyes, and reshape a jawline before a photo is even taken, all powered by AI models ① trained to recognize facial features in real time. What began as a playful novelty has become a default setting for many users, subtly ② adjusting nearly every selfie posted online. Psychologists have grown concerned about a specific consequence of this shift: people increasingly compare their unfiltered reflection in a mirror to a filtered version of themselves ③ seeing constantly on a screen, a comparison that earlier generations never had to face. Some social media platforms have responded by ④ labeling heavily edited photos or banning certain filters that alter body shape. Whether such small warnings can meaningfully counter the daily flood of filtered images, however, ⑤ remains an open question that researchers are only beginning to study.

Highlighting an awkward sentence and instantly seeing three smoother alternatives has become a routine part of writing for many students, thanks to AI writing assistants ① built into word processors and browsers. These tools check grammar and spelling, of course, but the more advanced versions go further, ② suggesting clearer phrasing, flagging repetitive words, and even adjusting tone to sound more formal or more casual depending on the purpose. Teachers generally welcome the grammar and spelling support, since it ③ frees up class time to focus on argument and structure rather than comma placement. Concerns grow, however, around the tone and phrasing suggestions, which can gradually ④ nudge every student's writing toward a similar, polished style. Some schools have begun asking students ⑤ submit an early draft alongside the final version, specifically to preserve evidence of a student's own original voice.

The term green premium describes the ①<u>reduced</u> cost that consumers must pay when they choose an environmentally friendly product or energy source over a conventional, cheaper alternative. For example, an electric vehicle or solar-powered appliance often carries a higher price tag than its gasoline-powered or coal-based counterpart, even though it produces fewer emissions over time. This price gap frequently ②<u>discourages</u> shoppers who support sustainability in principle but cannot justify the additional expense within a limited household budget. In contrast, wealthier consumers can ③<u>absorb</u> the premium more easily, which creates unequal participation in green markets. To ④<u>narrow</u> this gap, governments have introduced subsidies and tax credits that lower upfront costs, while companies invest in research to make clean technologies cheaper to manufacture. As production scales up and innovation continues, many economists expect the green premium to ⑤<u>shrink</u> steadily, eventually making sustainable choices the more affordable option for most consumers.

Limited-edition products are goods that are released in small quantities for a ①short period of time. Many companies use this strategy because scarcity naturally ②decreases how much people desire an item. When consumers believe that a product will disappear soon, they often feel ③pressured to buy it immediately rather than wait. This excitement is ④intensified by social media, where people proudly share photos of items that others could not obtain. As a result, some shoppers later ⑤regret spending money on products they rarely use afterward.

Turning on automatic captions used to mean settling for garbled text full of obvious errors, but recent speech-recognition models have made same-language captions accurate enough that many viewers now leave them on by default. The technology listens to audio, breaks it into individual sounds, and matches those sounds against a massive library of words and phrases to predict what was actually said. The system still stumbles over overlapping speakers, strong accents, and specialized vocabulary such as medical or technical terms, occasionally producing captions that are unintentionally funny. Even with these flaws, _______________.

Sociologist Erving Goffman argued that people constantly perform for others, much like actors managing their image on a stage, a concept known as impression management. This idea applies vividly to social media, where users select flattering photos and delete posts that might damage their reputation. Such careful curation allows people to present an idealized version of themselves that emphasizes achievements while hiding struggles or ordinary moments. However, when this performance becomes constant, a troubling gap can form between one's authentic self and the polished character displayed online. Maintaining that gap requires considerable emotional energy, and studies suggest it often leads to anxiety and exhaustion. Furthermore, comparing one's own carefully staged life to others' equally staged posts can distort what people believe is normal. Therefore, _______________.

Aerobic exercise, such as jogging, swimming, or cycling at a steady pace, produces a wide range of benefits that extend well beyond simple calorie burning. (A) This adaptation explains why trained athletes often have a much lower resting heart rate than sedentary individuals of the same age. (B) Over weeks of consistent training, the heart gradually enlarges and becomes more efficient, delivering the same amount of oxygen to working muscles while beating fewer times per minute. (C) Most fundamentally, it strengthens the heart itself, forcing it to pump larger volumes of blood with each beat.

Every day, email providers quietly block billions of unwanted messages before they ever reach a user's inbox, a task that would be impossible without an AI filtering system running constantly in the background. (A) This creates a constant back-and-forth, since spammers study which messages get blocked and then adjust their wording to slip through again. (B) The filter examines each incoming message for suspicious patterns, including certain keywords, unusual sender addresses, and formatting tricks that scammers commonly rely on to slip past detection. (C) What makes the system effective is that it keeps learning after launch, since a user's action of marking or rescuing a message becomes new training data.

Adaptive learning apps promise something no traditional classroom can easily offer: a lesson plan that adjusts itself to each individual student in real time. (A) As a student answers practice questions, the app tracks which concepts are mastered and which remain shaky, then quietly reshuffles the next set of problems to target the weaker areas. (B) Early studies suggest that this personalized pacing can help struggling students catch up faster than a one-size-fits-all worksheet ever could. (C) However, critics caution that an app cannot replace the encouragement, humor, and flexibility a human teacher brings to a lesson.