영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

문제 1

As governments and companies work to address climate change, a new category of employment ①known as green jobs has expanded rapidly. These positions include solar panel installers, wind turbine technicians, and specialists who design energy-efficient buildings. Countries that have invested heavily in renewable energy have seen employment in this sector ②grown far faster than in the economy overall. Young workers, in particular, are drawn to green careers because they ③offer a sense of purpose alongside financial stability. Critics point out that transitioning workers from fossil fuel industries to green jobs is not always simple, ④since the required skills can differ significantly. Governments are therefore introducing training programs designed ⑤to help such workers shift smoothly into renewable energy careers.

문제 2

Generation Z, typically defined as those born between the late 1990s and early 2010s, approaches shopping quite differently from previous generations. ①Having grown up with smartphones and social media, they research products extensively online before making even small purchases. Unlike older generations, ②who often valued brand loyalty above all else, many members of Generation Z prioritize a company's values. They also tend to favor secondhand and resale platforms, ③viewing sustainability as an important factor rather than an afterthought. Peer recommendations ④shared through short videos frequently ⑤carries more weight than traditional celebrity endorsements, since viewers see these creators as relatable rather than distant figures.

문제 3

Scientists have identified certain gene variants that ① appear more frequently among elite endurance athletes than among the general population, along with a separate set that seems to favor explosive, power-based sports such as sprinting. One frequently studied variant, for instance, ② influences the proportion of slow-twitch versus fast-twitch muscle fibers a person naturally develops, a ratio that shapes whether a body leans toward endurance or explosive power. However, researchers caution strongly against ③ interpreting these findings as evidence that athletic greatness is simply inherited. Even athletes who carry every favorable variant identified so far still require years of disciplined training ④ to translate that genetic potential into actual performance, and many elite competitors lack some of these supposedly advantageous variants altogether. Genetics may set a rough ceiling on an individual's ultimate potential, but where any particular athlete lands within that range ⑤ depend overwhelmingly on training quality, nutrition, coaching, and sheer determination.

문제 4

Every day, email providers quietly block billions of unwanted messages before they ever reach a user's inbox, a task that ① would be impossible without an AI filtering system running constantly in the background. The filter examines each incoming message for suspicious patterns, including certain keywords, unusual sender addresses, and formatting tricks that scammers commonly rely on ② to slip past detection. What makes the system effective is that it keeps ③ learning after launch: whenever a user marks a message as spam or rescues a message mistakenly filtered out, that action ④ become new training data, sharpening the filter's future decisions. This creates a constant back-and-forth, since spammers study which messages get blocked and then adjust their wording to slip through again, ⑤ resulting in an ongoing contest between each side.

문제 5

The term green premium describes the ①reduced cost that consumers must pay when they choose an environmentally friendly product or energy source over a conventional, cheaper alternative. For example, an electric vehicle or solar-powered appliance often carries a higher price tag than its gasoline-powered or coal-based counterpart, even though it produces fewer emissions over time. This price gap frequently ②discourages shoppers who support sustainability in principle but cannot justify the additional expense within a limited household budget. In contrast, wealthier consumers can ③absorb the premium more easily, which creates unequal participation in green markets. To ④narrow this gap, governments have introduced subsidies and tax credits that lower upfront costs, while companies invest in research to make clean technologies cheaper to manufacture. As production scales up and innovation continues, many economists expect the green premium to ⑤shrink steadily, eventually making sustainable choices the more affordable option for most consumers.

문제 6

Many people struggling to fall asleep in noisy environments turn to white noise machines, devices that emit a ① chaotic, uniform sound covering a broad range of frequencies. The appeal lies in a phenomenon called auditory masking, in which a constant background sound makes sudden noises, such as a slamming door, ② less noticeable to the sleeping brain. Without this masking effect, an abrupt change in sound is far more likely to trigger a brief awakening, even if the sleeper does not ③ consciously remember it the next morning. Studies comparing sleep in quiet rooms with sleep alongside white noise have found that participants using white noise experienced fewer of these brief awakenings and reported feeling more ④ rested. However, researchers caution that the benefit depends heavily on volume and consistency, since noise that is too loud or that varies unpredictably can itself become a source of ⑤ disruption rather than a remedy.

문제 7

Across many countries, high schools begin classes ① early in the morning, often before eight o'clock. This schedule assumes that teenagers can simply go to bed earlier to compensate, but biology tells a different story. During adolescence, the body's internal clock shifts ② earlier, delaying the release of melatonin until well after ten at night. As a result, most teenagers are not physiologically ready to fall asleep until much later than younger children or adults. When early start times force them to wake before their bodies have completed a full sleep cycle, the mismatch ③ accumulates into a chronic sleep debt that affects concentration and mood throughout the school day. Researchers who study this mismatch argue that the underlying problem is not laziness or poor discipline among students, but a scheduling system built around adult rhythms rather than ④ adolescent ones. Some school districts that delayed their start times by thirty minutes reported ⑤ measurable improvements in attendance.

문제 8

Time-management researchers frequently mention a principle known as Parkinson's Law, which states that work ①expands to fill the time available for its completion. According to this idea, a task that could be finished in one hour will often stretch to fill an entire afternoon if that much time is scheduled for it. Students who set ②vague deadlines frequently experience this effect, spending extra hours refining a report that was already ③complete. Employees given a full week for a simple project may also delay meaningful progress until the final days, even though the actual work requires far ④more effort. This pattern happens partly because people unconsciously adjust their pace to match perceived urgency. Setting shorter, more specific deadlines can ⑤counter this tendency, forcing tasks to fit within a tighter and more realistic window.

문제 9

Open a music streaming app on any given morning, and a personalized playlist is usually already waiting, assembled overnight from songs the algorithm predicts will match a listener's current mood. (A) Musicians, meanwhile, have mixed feelings about this shift, since a song the algorithm decides not to promote may struggle to reach listeners no matter how well it was written. (B) Listeners often praise the feature for introducing them to artists they never would have searched for on their own, effectively acting as a tireless music scout working around the clock. (C) This prediction relies on far more than genre alone; the system studies skip rates, replay counts, and even the time of day a song is typically played to build a detailed profile of individual taste.

문제 10

주어진 문장: The financial and reputational damage caused by a single attack can be enormous. As more businesses move their operations online, cyberattacks have become one of the most serious threats facing modern companies. ( ① ) Hackers now target everything from small retail websites to massive financial institutions, stealing sensitive data or demanding ransom payments. ( ② ) In response, demand for cybersecurity professionals has surged across nearly every industry. ( ③ ) These specialists design systems that detect suspicious activity, patch vulnerabilities before criminals can exploit them, and train employees to recognize phishing attempts. ( ④ ) Universities have responded by creating specialized degree programs, while many companies now offer scholarships to attract students into this growing field. ( ⑤ ) Despite this expansion, experts estimate that millions of cybersecurity positions worldwide remain unfilled.