영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Sleep hygiene refers to a set of simple daily habits that ① helps the body prepare for consistent, restorative rest. Experts commonly recommend going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, even on weekends, because an irregular schedule confuses the body's internal clock and makes it ② harder to fall asleep on demand. They also advise reserving the bedroom for sleep alone, since using the bed to study, scroll through a phone, or watch videos teaches the brain ③ to associate that space with wakeful activity rather than rest. Physical environment matters as well: a cool, dark, and quiet room tends ④ to produce deeper sleep than one that is warm, bright, or noisy. None of these individual habits guarantees a good night's sleep on its own, but together they form a routine that gradually trains the body to expect and enter sleep more easily, much the way a consistent set of cues trains an athlete's body ⑤ to perform at a certain time each day.

When Mina was a freshman, she often ①spent her allowance within a few days. Her older cousin told her about the marshmallow experiment, a famous study ②in which children could eat one marshmallow immediately or wait for two. Researchers found that children who waited longer ③shown better academic performance and self-control years later. Inspired by the study, Mina began ④saving half of her allowance each week instead of spending it all on snacks. After three months, however, she had saved enough to buy a bicycle she had ⑤wanted for over a year.

Remote work has moved from a rare privilege to a common practice for millions of employees worldwide. Supporters argue that remote work ①decreases productivity, since employees avoid long commutes and distracting office environments. It also allows companies to hire talented people regardless of where they live, ②widening the pool of candidates. Critics, however, worry that remote work ③weakens teamwork and makes it harder for new employees to learn from experienced colleagues. Without regular face-to-face interaction, some workers feel ④isolated and struggle to build strong professional relationships. For these reasons, many experts suggest that the future of work will likely be hybrid, ⑤combining flexibility with occasional in-person collaboration.

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and restarts during sleep, often because the muscles at the back of the throat ① relax too much and block the airway. Each pause can last from a few seconds to over a minute, and it may occur dozens of times in a single night without the sleeper ever ② waking up fully. Because these interruptions rarely produce a clear memory the next morning, many people remain ③ unaware that anything is wrong, even as chronic fatigue, headaches, and irritability build up over months. Doctors therefore rely less on a patient's own account of the night and more on ④ subjective measurements, such as overnight oxygen levels and airflow patterns recorded in a sleep laboratory. Left untreated, the disorder has been linked to serious long-term risks, including high blood pressure and heart disease, which makes an accurate diagnosis far more ⑤ urgent than its subtle nighttime symptoms might suggest.

Across many countries, high schools begin classes early in the morning, often before eight o'clock. This schedule assumes that teenagers can simply go to bed earlier to compensate, but biology tells a different story. During adolescence, the body's internal clock shifts later, delaying the release of melatonin until well after ten at night. As a result, most teenagers are not physiologically ready to fall asleep until much later than younger children or adults. When early start times force them to wake before their bodies have completed a full sleep cycle, the mismatch accumulates into a chronic sleep debt that affects concentration and mood throughout the school day. Researchers who study this mismatch argue that _______________. Some school districts that delayed their start times by thirty minutes reported improvements in attendance, suggesting that the timing of the school day matters more than commonly assumed.

Psychologist Roy Baumeister proposed a concept called ego depletion theory, which suggests that ___________. According to this theory, every act of self-control, from resisting a snack to concentrating on difficult homework, draws from the same limited mental resource. As this resource becomes depleted throughout the day, later decisions require more effort and are more likely to fail. For instance, someone who exercises discipline avoiding distractions all morning may struggle to resist checking a phone by evening. Likewise, dieters report that self-control weakens sharply at night, after hours of resisting food. Some researchers argue that short breaks, adequate sleep, and blood sugar levels can help restore this depleted resource. Although later studies have questioned how strong this effect is, the theory still offers a useful framework for understanding why willpower seems to fade throughout a long day.

Travelers who cross several time zones in a single flight often arrive feeling exhausted, foggy, and strangely out of sync with the local clock, a condition widely known as jet lag. The discomfort arises because the body's internal clock continues to run on the schedule of the departure city even after landing. Realigning this internal clock to a new time zone is not instantaneous; researchers estimate that the body typically needs about one day to adjust for every time zone crossed. Flying eastward tends to produce more severe symptoms than flying westward, because _______________. Exposure to natural light at the right moments after arrival can help speed up the adjustment, since light is the strongest external cue the internal clock uses to reset itself.

Jian wanted to become a reader for years, but every time he picked up a thick novel, he felt overwhelmed and quickly closed it. His cousin, who had read dozens of books that year, told him about something called the two-minute rule. This rule states that a new habit should be shrunk to under two minutes, since a smaller starting point ___________. Instead of committing to a full chapter each night, Jian promised himself only to open a book and read one page.

The planning fallacy describes the tendency to underestimate how long a task will take, even when experience suggests otherwise. Psychologists who studied this bias found that ___________. They focus less on how similar projects actually unfolded before. A student who insists an essay takes two hours, despite needing five hours for every previous essay, shows a clear instance of the fallacy. Large construction projects offer another example. Officials frequently predict completion dates that later prove far too optimistic once delays appear. One reason this bias persists is that people rarely review their history of missed deadlines, relying instead on hopeful imagination. Some researchers recommend a technique called reference class forecasting, comparing a new task to similar completed tasks. By anchoring predictions to real outcomes, planners can produce estimates that are considerably more accurate.

Breaking the bystander effect requires more than good intentions; it requires concrete action from those who witness cruelty online. (A) Simply reporting an abusive post to platform moderators, for example, can remove harmful content before it spreads further. (B) Even small gestures, such as privately messaging the victim with words of support, can reduce the isolation that targets of cyberbullying often feel. (C) Both of these actions demonstrate that individual witnesses possess more power to help than the bystander effect leads them to believe.