영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Social psychologists describe a phenomenon called the bystander effect, in which individuals become less likely ①helping a victim as the number of witnesses increases. Each observer assumes someone else will step in, and this diffusion of responsibility leaves no one ②willing to act. Cyberbullying magnifies this problem, since a single humiliating post can be witnessed by thousands of people ③scattered across the internet rather than a few standing nearby. Anonymity intensifies the effect further, allowing silent observers ④to scroll past cruel comments without feeling accountable for their inaction. Some bystanders even worry that intervening publicly might make them the bully's next target, so they choose ⑤to remain silent instead.

The planning fallacy describes the tendency to ①underestimate how long a task will take, even when experience suggests otherwise. Psychologists who studied this bias found that people focus mainly on an ②idealized, best-case version of a project. They focus less on how similar projects actually unfolded before. Large construction projects offer another example. Officials frequently predict completion dates that later prove far too ③optimistic once delays appear. One reason this bias persists is that people ④rarely review their history of missed deadlines, relying instead on hopeful imagination. By anchoring predictions to real outcomes, planners can produce estimates that are considerably more ⑤inaccurate.

Every day, email providers quietly block billions of ① unwanted messages before they ever reach a user's inbox, a task that would be impossible without an AI filtering system running constantly in the background. The filter ② examines each incoming message for suspicious patterns, including certain keywords, unusual sender addresses, and formatting tricks that scammers commonly rely on to slip past detection. What makes the system effective is that it ③ stops learning after launch, since whenever a user marks a message as spam or rescues a message mistakenly filtered out, that action becomes new training data, sharpening the filter's future decisions. This creates a constant back-and-forth, since spammers study which messages get blocked and then ④ adjust their wording to slip through again. As a result, spam filtering is less like a fixed wall and more like an ⑤ ongoing contest, with each side continuously adapting to outsmart the other.

Social media researchers use the term context collapse to describe what happens when a single online post reaches audiences that would normally remain ①separate in offline life. In daily interactions, people naturally adjust their tone and content depending on whether they are speaking with family, close friends, or professional colleagues. However, a typical social media feed ②merges these distinct audiences into one undivided crowd, since a single post can simultaneously reach parents, employers, and casual acquaintances. Consequently, users often struggle to decide which version of themselves to present, knowing that a joke suitable for close friends might seem ③professional to a supervisor. This tension forces many users to either ④self-censor heavily or maintain multiple separate accounts tailored to different audiences. Understanding context collapse helps explain why online communication often feels more ⑤complicated.

Self-driving technology is advancing rapidly, and its impact on the transportation industry is becoming increasingly ①visible. Companies are testing autonomous trucks that can travel long distances without human drivers, potentially ②transforming how goods move across countries. Millions of professional drivers worry about losing their jobs as automation ③spreads through the industry. Experts predict that certain driving jobs, particularly long-distance trucking, may shrink significantly within the next two decades. However, new roles are also ④emerging, including remote vehicle operators who monitor fleets of autonomous trucks. Workers who adapt their skills toward supervising and maintaining these systems are likely to find new opportunities rather than face ⑤employment.

Artificial intelligence has begun to play a surprising role in creative industries once thought to be uniquely human. Some artists ①welcome this technology, using AI tools to explore new styles or overcome creative blocks that once took weeks to resolve. Others, however, argue that AI-generated art ②lacks the emotional depth that comes from genuine human experience. Despite this debate, most experts agree that AI is unlikely to fully ③replace artists anytime soon. Instead, it functions best as a collaborative tool, helping creators experiment ④faster while leaving final artistic decisions to humans. Therefore, artists who learn to work alongside AI may find themselves with a distinct ⑤disadvantage in this rapidly changing industry.

Internet activist Eli Pariser introduced the term filter bubble to describe a phenomenon created by online algorithms. Social media platforms and search engines constantly track which links users click and how long they linger on certain posts. Based on this data, algorithms predict what each individual is most likely to enjoy and quietly prioritize similar content in future results. As a result, two people who type the same search query can receive strikingly different results, each tailored to personal history. This automatic filtering happens silently, without users ever deciding to limit what they see. Consequently, many people gradually lose access to viewpoints that challenge their existing beliefs, even though they never intended to avoid them. Pariser warned that this invisible curation could weaken democratic debate by narrowing public discussion. Therefore, some experts argue that platforms should reveal how content is filtered, _______________.

Not all relationships that people form are equally close or meaningful. (A) Robin Dunbar, an anthropologist, argued that the human brain can only support about one hundred fifty stable relationships at once. (B) Consequently, most of the hundreds of online followers a person accumulates never become genuinely close acquaintances. (C) This cognitive limit applies regardless of how many friends or followers a person collects on social media.

Introducing cobots into a factory requires careful planning to ensure both safety and productivity. (A) Once installed, however, cobots must be closely monitored, since their sensors can occasionally malfunction in noisy or crowded environments. (B) Engineers must first program the robots to recognize the exact boundaries of each worker's movement space. (C) After this initial setup, cobots can be integrated gradually, starting with simple tasks before taking on more complex ones.

주어진 문장: This kind of accuracy might seem convenient at first, but it also raises troubling questions about surveillance. Online advertising algorithms analyze enormous amounts of user data to determine which products a person is most likely to purchase. ( ① ) Every click, search, and pause while scrolling provides information that these systems use to refine future advertisements. ( ② ) As a result, the ads that appear on a person's screen often feel remarkably specific, sometimes referencing items browsed only minutes earlier. ( ③ ) Supporters argue that this level of precision benefits consumers by reducing exposure to irrelevant advertisements and highlighting products they genuinely need. ( ④ ) Critics, however, worry that constant exposure to tailored ads can encourage unnecessary spending, since algorithms are specifically designed to identify and exploit individual weaknesses. ( ⑤ ) Because these algorithms operate largely without public oversight, few consumers fully understand how their personal data shapes what they eventually buy.