영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Sociologists use the term homophily ①to describe the tendency of people to form connections with others who share similar backgrounds, opinions, or interests. This principle explains why classmates from the same major often become close friends, while coworkers with shared hobbies naturally gravitate toward one another. Because similarity reduces the effort required to understand another person's perspective, relationships ②built on shared traits tend to feel comfortable and require less negotiation. However, this same comfort can narrow the range of viewpoints someone ③encounters, since surrounding oneself with similar people limits exposure to different ideas. Social media platforms intensify this pattern through recommendation algorithms that ④suggest new friends based on shared interests or similar browsing history. As a result, users often find their online circles becoming increasingly homogeneous, filled with people who think and behave much like themselves. Recognizing this tendency ⑤allow individuals to make deliberate efforts to broaden their social networks.

Time-management researchers frequently mention a principle ①known as Parkinson's Law, which states that work expands to fill the time available for its completion. According to this idea, a task that could be finished in one hour will often stretch to fill an entire afternoon if that much time ②is scheduled for it. Students who set vague deadlines frequently experience this effect, spending extra hours ③refined a report that was already complete. Employees given a full week for a simple project may also delay meaningful progress until the final days, even though the actual work ④requires far less effort. This pattern happens partly because people unconsciously adjust their pace to match perceived urgency. Setting shorter, more specific deadlines can counter this tendency, forcing tasks to fit within a tighter and more realistic window. By recognizing how flexible time encourages unnecessary delay, individuals can complete assignments more efficiently ⑤without sacrificing quality.

Blue, for instance, is frequently used by financial and technology companies because it tends to evoke feelings of ①trust and stability. Green typically signals ②freshness or environmental responsibility, making it a popular choice for organic food brands. Despite these general patterns, cultural context matters significantly, since a color that suggests luck in one country might suggest ③mourning in another. Marketers who ④ignore these cultural differences risk sending ⑤intended messages to international audiences. For this reason, companies expanding into new markets often conduct extensive research before finalizing a logo's color scheme.

Years ago, a small shoe company struggled to compete with larger, well-funded rivals in the market. Its products were ①solid, but customers rarely ②remembered the brand after a single purchase. Sales slowly ③decreased as people felt they were supporting something meaningful rather than simply buying a product. Other companies noticed this shift and began crafting their own narratives, hoping to create similar ④emotional connections. Eventually, the founder realized that a compelling story, told honestly, could turn ordinary customers into ⑤loyal supporters.

Influencer marketing has become one of the most powerful tools that companies use to reach young consumers. Unlike traditional advertisements, which often feel distant and impersonal, posts created by influencers seem more like advice from a trusted friend. This sense of closeness, built through years of sharing daily life online, makes followers more willing to trust product recommendations than ordinary commercials. For example, a skincare brand promoted by a popular lifestyle influencer can sell out within hours simply because her audience believes her opinions are honest. However, this trust can be exploited when influencers promote products they have never actually tried. As a result, several countries now require influencers to clearly disclose paid partnerships before posting sponsored content. Consumers are becoming more cautious, checking whether reviews are sponsored before making a purchase. In the end, influencer marketing ___________.

Time blocking is a time-management technique in which a person divides the day into fixed blocks. ___________. Instead of relying on a loose to-do list, the person decides exactly when each task will start and end. This approach lowers the mental effort of deciding what to do next, since the schedule already provides the answer. It also limits multitasking, because each block is reserved for only one activity at a time. For instance, a student may block ninety minutes for math practice, leaving no room for messages or web browsing. Another student may reserve an evening block solely for vocabulary review, treating that time like a fixed appointment. Because each block has a clear boundary, unfinished work is less likely to quietly spread into the next task. Many people who adopt time blocking feel more organized throughout the day.

Fast fashion refers to cheap, trendy clothing produced quickly and replaced almost as fast as it is bought. Because these garments are designed to be worn only a few times, huge amounts of fabric end up in landfills every year, and the dyeing process pollutes rivers near factories. In contrast, a growing number of brands are turning toward the circular economy, _______________. For example, some companies collect old clothes, break down the fibers, and weave them into new fabric, while others let customers rent outfits for special occasions rather than buying garments they will barely wear. These approaches keep resources circulating within the system longer, reducing demand for raw materials. Therefore, shifting from a throwaway habit toward a circular one may be essential for making the fashion industry sustainable.

Imagine two factories making the same product: one in a country with strict carbon rules, and one in a country with almost none. The factory facing stricter rules often spends more, which can make its goods pricier than those made elsewhere. To fix this imbalance, some governments have introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism, a policy charging imported goods a fee based on how much carbon was released while producing them. Supporters argue that the system _______________. However, critics claim it unfairly burdens developing countries, which often lack money to modernize factories quickly. For example, a small exporter in a poorer nation might struggle to pay the added charge, though it contributes little to global emissions. Still, if wealthier nations pair the policy with technical support, it could become a genuinely fair tool for cutting emissions worldwide.

Irving Janis, a psychologist, used the term groupthink to describe how close-knit groups sometimes make poor decisions together. (A) Trusting this shared confidence, the group moved forward without pausing to consider whether the shortcut might cause problems later. (B) In one online study group, for example, a suggestion to skip an important step was accepted almost instantly, with no one voicing concerns. (C) Only after their project was criticized for missing key information did the members recognize how strongly the group's harmony had silenced doubt.

주어진 문장: This gap between expectation and reality is not caused by laziness, but by a predictable pattern in how people think about the future. The planning fallacy describes the tendency to underestimate how long a task will take, even when experience suggests otherwise. ( ① ) Psychologists who studied this bias found that people focus mainly on an idealized, best-case version of a project. They focus less on how similar projects actually unfolded before. ( ② ) A student who insists an essay takes two hours, despite needing five hours for every previous essay, shows a clear instance of the fallacy. ( ③ ) Large construction projects offer another example. Officials frequently predict completion dates that later prove far too optimistic once delays appear. ( ④ ) One reason this bias persists is that people rarely review their history of missed deadlines, relying instead on hopeful imagination. ( ⑤ ) Some researchers recommend a technique called reference class forecasting, comparing a new task to similar completed tasks. By anchoring predictions to real outcomes, planners can produce estimates that are considerably more accurate.