영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

During sleep, the brain does not simply rest; it actively reorganizes the day's experiences into lasting memories through a process called consolidation. Newly formed memories are initially fragile and ① store primarily in a brain region called the hippocampus, ② which has limited long-term capacity. While a person sleeps, particularly during the deep stages of non-REM sleep, neural activity replays these fresh memory traces in rapid, compressed sequences, gradually ③ transferring the information to the cortex for more durable, long-term storage. This replay strengthens the connections between neurons that encoded the original experience, ④ making the memory more resistant to interference from unrelated events the following day. Sleep researchers have demonstrated this effect experimentally: participants who slept after ⑤ learning a list of word pairs recalled more items the next day than participants who remained awake instead.

Remote work has moved from a rare privilege to a common practice for millions of employees worldwide. Many companies that once required workers ①to commute daily now allow them to complete tasks from home. Supporters argue that remote work increases productivity, since employees avoid long commutes and ②distracting office environments. It also allows companies to hire talented people regardless of where they live, ③widening the pool of candidates. Critics, however, worry that remote work weakens teamwork and ④make it harder for new employees to learn from experienced colleagues. Without regular face-to-face interaction, some workers feel isolated and ⑤struggle to build strong professional relationships.

Behavioral economists use the term temporal discounting to describe how people ①undervalue future rewards simply because those rewards are not immediate. This tendency explains why a student might choose to watch videos tonight rather than study for an exam that remains several weeks away, even though studying offers a ②smaller long-term benefit. A distant reward, no matter how valuable, feels psychologically smaller than a small reward available right now. This bias contributes to procrastination, since future consequences rarely feel ③urgent enough to motivate immediate action. To counter this tendency, students should ④convert distant goals into smaller, near-term milestones that feel more emotionally real. Setting weekly checkpoints rather than a final deadline can make future benefits feel ⑤closer and more concrete.

Adaptive learning apps promise something no traditional classroom can easily offer: a lesson plan that adjusts itself to each individual student in real time. As a student answers practice questions, the app ① tracks which concepts are mastered and which remain shaky, then quietly reshuffles the next set of problems to target the weaker areas. Early studies suggest that this ② personalized pacing can help struggling students catch up faster than a one-size-fits-all worksheet ever could. However, critics ③ caution that an app cannot replace the encouragement, humor, and flexibility a human teacher brings to a lesson, especially when a student is frustrated rather than simply behind. There is also a subtler concern: students who grow used to ④ instant, algorithm-generated feedback may struggle later with the slower, more ambiguous kind of feedback that real-world tasks and mentors typically provide, which could ⑤ strengthen their ability to handle uncertainty outside the app.

In the days leading up to an endurance event, many athletes deliberately increase their carbohydrate intake while reducing training volume, a practice known as carbohydrate loading. The strategy is designed to maximize the amount of glycogen, the storage form of carbohydrate, packed into muscle tissue before competition begins. Because glycogen serves as the primary fuel source during prolonged, intense exercise, _______________. Sports nutritionists caution, however, that the timing and composition of meals matter as much as the total quantity of carbohydrate consumed, since eating unfamiliar foods immediately before competition can cause digestive discomfort.

To compensate for their carbon emissions, many individuals and companies now purchase carbon offsets, financial credits that fund projects such as planting trees or building renewable energy plants. The idea is appealing: paying for an equivalent amount of carbon to be absorbed elsewhere should cancel out the harm caused by activities like flying. However, critics argue that this system often functions as _______________. For example, a newly planted forest may take decades to absorb the promised carbon, and it could later burn down or be cut, erasing any benefit. Moreover, some offset projects would have happened anyway, meaning the credits fund nothing truly additional. Therefore, relying heavily on offsets allows businesses to maintain harmful practices while appearing responsible. Experts insist that offsetting should complement, not replace, direct reductions in fossil fuel use if the strategy is to remain credible.

Consumers today increasingly consider more than just price when deciding what to buy. (A) For example, many shoppers now research a company's labor practices before purchasing its products. (B) This growing awareness reflects a shift toward what is often called value-based consumption. (C) As a result, companies face increasing pressure to operate more responsibly and transparently.

Jiho's path into entrepreneurship began almost by accident, far from the corporate career his parents had imagined for him. (A) Despite warnings from relatives who considered the plan too risky, Jiho and his teammates decided to delay job applications and pursue the idea further. (B) A class project he joined during his final year gradually evolved into something more serious, as restaurants began placing regular orders through their prototype. (C) That decision eventually paid off, as the team secured a small investment after nearly failing twice.

Some schools have begun asking students to submit an early draft alongside the final version, specifically to preserve evidence of a student's own original voice. Highlighting an awkward sentence and instantly seeing three smoother alternatives has become a routine part of writing for many students, thanks to AI writing assistants built into word processors and browsers. ( ① ) These tools check grammar and spelling, of course, but the more advanced versions go further, suggesting clearer phrasing, flagging repetitive words, and even adjusting tone to sound more formal or more casual depending on the purpose. ( ② ) Teachers generally welcome the grammar and spelling support, since it frees up class time to focus on argument and structure rather than comma placement. ( ③ ) Concerns grow, however, around the tone and phrasing suggestions, which can gradually nudge every student's writing toward a similar, polished style. ( ④ ) This makes it harder to tell an individual voice from a suggestion generated by the same underlying model. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: Every rainy season, the water rose a little higher, leaving the villagers increasingly anxious about their future. Mira had lived in a coastal village since birth, watching the tide creep closer to her family's doorstep every year. ( ① ) When the sea finally swallowed the rice paddies that had fed her village for generations, her parents decided that staying was no longer possible. ( ② ) Together with many neighbors, they packed what little they could carry and moved inland, becoming what experts now call climate migrants, people forced to abandon their homes because of rising seas, droughts, or other disasters. ( ③ ) This term, rarely used a decade ago, has become increasingly common as extreme weather displaces communities worldwide. ( ④ ) Mira missed her old house terribly, yet she slowly began to build a new life in the crowded city, learning to adapt just as her ancestors once had. ( ⑤ ) International organizations, however, still struggle to agree on how to protect people like her, since climate migrants are not officially recognized as refugees under current law.