영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Have you ever ①feel a boring class lasted forever while an exciting weekend disappeared in an instant? This common experience reflects what psychologists call the distortion of time perception: subjective time can ②differ from actual clock time. Researchers explain that people who focus intensely on an enjoyable activity ③process fewer separate moments, so time seems to pass quickly. In contrast, bored or anxious people pay closer attention to each moment, ④making time feel as though it is dragging. When people become deeply engaged in a task, they often lose track of time, ⑤unaware of how many minutes have passed.

For most of last year, Junho ①refresh his social media feed constantly, terrified of missing a party, a trending meme, or gossip among his friends. This restless anxiety, ②often called FOMO, or the fear of missing out, left him exhausted and strangely unsatisfied even after hours of scrolling. One weekend, his phone battery died during a hiking trip, and, to his surprise, he actually ③enjoyed the quiet afternoon without notifications interrupting his thoughts. Curious about this unexpected calm, Junho began ④deleting social apps for a few hours each day, gradually extending the breaks as weeks passed. Instead of dreading what he might be missing, he started noticing small pleasures, such as finishing a book or ⑤having an uninterrupted conversation with his family.

Jian wanted to become a reader for years, but every time he picked up a thick novel, he felt ①overwhelmed and quickly closed it. His cousin, who had read dozens of books that year, told him about something called the two-minute rule. This rule states that a new habit should be shrunk to under two minutes, since a smaller starting point ②strengthens the friction that usually stops people from beginning. Some nights he stopped after that single page, but most nights, once started, he kept reading for twenty or thirty minutes without ③noticing. Because the initial barrier became so small, sitting down no longer felt like a ④burden requiring willpower. Within three months, Jian had finished five books, proving that reducing friction can matter more than ⑤motivation itself.

Minji had tried for years to build a bedtime reading habit but always forgot once under the blanket. During summer, she found a method called habit stacking. It means attaching a new habit to an existing one so it acts as a reminder. Her existing habit was brushing her teeth every night, so she decided to place her book beside her toothbrush. After brushing her teeth, she would pick up the book, letting one action trigger the next. Within two weeks, opening the book after brushing felt almost automatic, requiring no conscious effort. Encouraged by this success, Minji stacked another habit onto her morning routine, reviewing vocabulary words after making her bed. She realized ___________. By the end of summer, both habits felt like steady parts of her routine, requiring no reminders.

Many self-help books emphasize the cue-routine-reward loop as a tool for building better habits. (A) For example, athletes who want to build a stretching habit often rely on a specific cue, such as arriving at the gym, to trigger the same short routine every time. (B) Over time, this consistent pairing strengthens the neural pathway connecting the cue to the routine, making the behavior feel almost automatic. (C) According to this model, every habit consists of three connected parts: a cue that triggers behavior, a routine that follows, and a reward that reinforces it.

Goal-setting theory has influenced not only classrooms but also workplaces around the world. (A) Many companies now train managers to set specific quarterly targets rather than simply asking employees to 'do their best.' (B) As a result, employees often report clearer priorities and a stronger sense of accomplishment. (C) These targets typically include measurable numbers, such as sales figures or project deadlines.

Implementation intentions have become one of the most widely studied tools in behavioral psychology for helping people reach their goals. (A) Unlike a vague goal such as "I will exercise more," an implementation intention specifies both the situation that triggers the behavior and the exact action that follows. (B) Because the decision has already been made in advance, people no longer need to rely on willpower at the critical moment when the temptation to skip arises. (C) For example, a person might decide, "If it is seven in the morning, then I will put on my running shoes immediately," rather than simply hoping to find time to exercise.

The twenty-hour rule has become popular among adults who want to pick up new hobbies despite busy schedules. (A) She practiced basic shading and proportion for about ninety minutes each day, carefully tracking her total hours. (B) A woman who always wanted to sketch, for example, decided to test the rule during a two-week vacation. (C) By the time she reached twenty hours, she could produce simple portraits that she was proud to share with friends.

Breaking the bystander effect requires more than good intentions; it requires concrete action from those who witness cruelty online. (A) Simply reporting an abusive post to platform moderators, for example, can remove harmful content before it spreads further. (B) Even small gestures, such as privately messaging the victim with words of support, can reduce the isolation that targets of cyberbullying often feel. (C) Both of these actions demonstrate that individual witnesses possess more power to help than the bystander effect leads them to believe.

This is precisely what makes the condition so difficult to catch before it becomes severe. Ambitious young athletes and the parents who support them sometimes assume that more training automatically produces better results, a belief that occasionally leads to a condition known as overtraining syndrome. ( ① ) Unlike ordinary fatigue that resolves after a few days of rest, overtraining syndrome develops gradually over weeks or months of insufficient recovery relative to training load, eventually producing persistent exhaustion, declining performance despite continued hard work, and increased susceptibility to illness and injury. ( ② ) Adolescents may be especially vulnerable, since their bodies are simultaneously coping with the physical demands of growth and the added stress of intensive training schedules. ( ③ ) Warning signs are often subtle at first, including disrupted sleep, irritability, and a loss of enthusiasm for a sport the athlete once genuinely enjoyed, which adults often mistake for ordinary moodiness. ( ④ ) Recovery from full-blown overtraining syndrome can take months rather than days. ( ⑤ )