영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Across many countries, high schools ① begins classes early in the morning, often before eight o'clock. This schedule assumes that teenagers can simply go to bed earlier to compensate, but biology tells a different story. During adolescence, the body's internal clock shifts later, ② delaying the release of melatonin until well after ten at night. As a result, most teenagers are not physiologically ready to fall asleep until much later than younger children or adults. When early start times force them ③ to wake before their bodies have completed a full sleep cycle, the mismatch accumulates into a chronic sleep debt ④ that affects concentration and mood throughout the school day. Researchers who study this mismatch argue that the underlying problem is not laziness or poor discipline among students, but a scheduling system ⑤ built around adult rhythms rather than adolescent ones.

Recovering from a serious sports injury involves far more than simply ① waiting for torn tissue to heal; it requires a carefully structured program that gradually reintroduces stress to the affected area. Immediately after an injury, rest and gentle range-of-motion exercises help ② preventing stiffness without disturbing the healing tissue. As pain subsides, therapists introduce light resistance training, ③ slowly rebuilding strength in muscles that have weakened from disuse. Only after strength and flexibility approach pre-injury levels ④ do specialists introduce sport-specific drills that mimic the exact movements an athlete will face in competition. Skipping this final stage, even when an athlete feels fully recovered, dramatically increases the risk of re-injury, because general strength does not automatically ⑤ translate into the specific coordination that a particular sport demands.

Time-management researchers frequently mention a principle ①known as Parkinson's Law, which states that work expands to fill the time available for its completion. According to this idea, a task that could be finished in one hour will often stretch to fill an entire afternoon if that much time ②is scheduled for it. Students who set vague deadlines frequently experience this effect, spending extra hours ③refined a report that was already complete. Employees given a full week for a simple project may also delay meaningful progress until the final days, even though the actual work ④requires far less effort. This pattern happens partly because people unconsciously adjust their pace to match perceived urgency. Setting shorter, more specific deadlines can counter this tendency, forcing tasks to fit within a tighter and more realistic window. By recognizing how flexible time encourages unnecessary delay, individuals can complete assignments more efficiently ⑤without sacrificing quality.

Setting a goal such as 'I will study harder' rarely ①leads to meaningful improvement. According to psychologists Edwin Locke and Gary Latham, specific and challenging goals ②produce far better performance than vague or easy ones. This idea, known as goal-setting theory, suggests ③that clear targets direct attention and sustain effort over time. To apply this theory effectively, many educators recommend the SMART framework, which ④require goals to be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. Because the goal includes a clear number and a deadline, progress becomes easy ⑤to track and evaluate.

Even a modest level of dehydration, as little as two percent of body weight ① lost through sweat, can measurably reduce an athlete's endurance and cognitive sharpness during competition. As fluid levels drop, blood volume decreases, ② forcing the heart to work harder to deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles, which accelerates fatigue. Dehydration also impairs the body's ability ③ to regulate its own temperature, since sweating is the primary mechanism for releasing excess heat during intense exercise. Athletes competing in hot, humid conditions face a particularly difficult balance, because sweating heavily to stay cool simultaneously ④ depletes the very fluids needed to sustain performance. For this reason, sports scientists generally recommend a hydration strategy ⑤ tailoring to an individual athlete's sweat rate and the specific conditions of the event.

After a strenuous workout, muscle fibers experience thousands of ① microscopic tears, and the body immediately begins a repair process that ultimately makes the muscle stronger than it was before. This repair depends heavily on amino acids, the building blocks that protein supplies, which is why sports scientists recommend consuming protein within a couple of hours after training. Waiting too long to eat can ② slow recovery, since a muscle's sensitivity to amino acids gradually declines once that window closes. Many athletes assume that eating an enormous quantity of protein in a single sitting will ③ delay this process, but the body can only use a limited amount at once; the rest is simply burned for energy or stored as fat. For this reason, nutritionists generally advise spreading moderate portions of protein ④ evenly across several meals throughout the day rather than saving it all for one large post-workout ⑤ meal.

Imagine a cafeteria where a healthy salad sits at eye level while fried snacks rest on a low shelf. Nobody is ①forbidden from choosing the snacks, yet most people quietly pick the salad instead. This simple technique illustrates a nudge, a concept from behavioral economics that ②gently guides people toward better choices without restricting their freedom. Companies and governments ③increasingly apply nudges to encourage sustainable consumption. For example, some hotels print reminders on towels stating that most guests reuse them, which ④persuades new guests to do the same and save water. Similarly, energy bills that compare a household's usage with that of efficient neighbors often lead people to reduce electricity use. Unlike strict regulations or heavy taxes, nudges rely on ⑤obvious changes in design rather than force. Critics argue nudges alone cannot solve large environmental problems, but combined with stronger policies, they can meaningfully shift everyday habits toward sustainability.

For decades, productivity advice has focused almost entirely on managing time efficiently, yet many experts now argue this approach overlooks something important. This alternative approach, known as energy management, suggests that ___________. Unlike time, which flows at a constant rate, human energy naturally rises and falls in cycles shaped by sleep, food, and mental fatigue. A person who tackles difficult tasks during a low-energy period, for instance, may need two hours to finish what takes thirty minutes at peak energy.

주어진 문장: In other words, those who did the least to cause the problem often end up paying the highest price for it. When people discuss climate change, they often focus only on rising temperatures or melting ice, treating it as a purely scientific issue. ( ① ) However, the concept of climate justice reminds us that the causes and consequences of climate change are distributed unevenly across the globe. ( ② ) Wealthy, industrialized nations have historically released the largest share of greenhouse gases while building their economies, yet developing nations, which contributed comparatively little, frequently suffer the most severe droughts and floods. ( ③ ) This gap between responsibility and suffering raises a serious ethical question that science alone cannot answer. ( ④ ) For example, a farming community in a low-income country may lose its entire harvest to an unusual flood, even though its members have never owned a car or flown on a plane. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, tackling climate change requires more than new technology; it demands fair policies supporting the very communities least responsible for causing the crisis.

주어진 문장: This is why many people find it especially difficult to maintain healthy eating habits after a long, stressful day at work. Psychologist Roy Baumeister proposed a concept called ego depletion theory, which suggests that willpower functions like a muscle that gradually tires after repeated use. ( ① ) According to this theory, every act of self-control, from resisting a snack to concentrating on difficult homework, draws from the same limited mental resource. ( ② ) As this resource becomes depleted throughout the day, later decisions require more effort and are more likely to fail. ( ③ ) For instance, someone who exercises discipline avoiding distractions all morning may struggle to resist checking a phone by evening. Likewise, dieters report that self-control weakens sharply at night, after hours of resisting food. ( ④ ) Some researchers argue that short breaks, adequate sleep, and blood sugar levels can help restore this depleted resource. ( ⑤ ) Although later studies have questioned how strong this effect is, the theory still offers a useful framework for understanding why willpower seems to fade throughout a long day.