영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Automation is transforming labor markets more quickly than economists predicted only a decade ago. Factories once staffed by hundreds of workers now rely on robotic arms ①that assemble products with remarkable precision. Warehouses use automated systems ②to sort and deliver packages within a few hours. This shift does not simply eliminate jobs; it also creates roles that ③never exists before. Technicians who maintain robotic equipment are now in high demand, and engineers who design efficient systems ④are highly valued. Policymakers argue that retraining programs ⑤are essential to help displaced workers move into emerging fields.

Across the world, teenagers are chronically short on sleep, often getting two or three hours less than the eight to ten hours experts recommend for their age. Part of the problem lies in biology: as puberty begins, the body's internal clock naturally shifts later, ① making it difficult for teenagers to fall asleep before eleven at night. Yet school start times rarely adjust to this shift, ② forcing students to wake before their bodies are ready. The consequences extend well beyond simple tiredness. Chronic sleep loss during adolescence has been linked to impaired concentration, weakened memory, and a higher risk of anxiety and depression. It can also disrupt the hormones ③ that regulating appetite, contributing to unhealthy weight gain over time. Some school districts have experimented with ④ delaying start times by even thirty minutes, and early results suggest that students who gain that extra rest show improved grades, better mood, and fewer tardy arrivals. Despite this evidence, changing entrenched school schedules ⑤ remains a slow and contentious process.

Scientists have identified certain gene variants that appear ① less frequently among elite endurance athletes than among the general population, along with a separate set that seems to favor explosive, power-based sports such as sprinting. One frequently studied variant, for instance, influences the proportion of slow-twitch versus fast-twitch muscle fibers a person naturally develops, a ratio that ② shapes whether a body leans toward endurance or explosive power. However, researchers caution strongly against interpreting these findings as evidence that athletic greatness is simply ③ inherited. Even athletes who carry every favorable variant identified so far still require years of ④ disciplined training to translate that genetic potential into actual performance. Genetics may set a rough ceiling on an individual's ultimate potential, but where any particular athlete lands within that range depends overwhelmingly on training quality, nutrition, coaching, and sheer ⑤ determination.

Three-dimensional printing technology is changing how products are designed and manufactured across many industries. Unlike traditional manufacturing, which often requires expensive molds and long production times, 3D printers can create ①simple objects directly from digital files within hours. This flexibility allows companies to produce small batches of customized products without the massive costs typically associated with mass production. Hospitals now use 3D printing to create prosthetic limbs tailored ②precisely to individual patients, while automakers use it to build lightweight parts that ③reduce vehicle weight. Small businesses, too, have benefited enormously, since the technology ④lowers the barrier to entry for entrepreneurs. However, experts caution that 3D printing still struggles to ⑤match the speed of mass production for extremely large orders.

Artificial intelligence has begun to play a surprising role in creative industries once thought to be uniquely human. Some artists ①welcome this technology, using AI tools to explore new styles or overcome creative blocks that once took weeks to resolve. Others, however, argue that AI-generated art ②lacks the emotional depth that comes from genuine human experience. Despite this debate, most experts agree that AI is unlikely to fully ③replace artists anytime soon. Instead, it functions best as a collaborative tool, helping creators experiment ④faster while leaving final artistic decisions to humans. Therefore, artists who learn to work alongside AI may find themselves with a distinct ⑤disadvantage in this rapidly changing industry.

Remote work has moved from a rare privilege to a common practice for millions of employees worldwide. Supporters argue that remote work increases productivity, since employees avoid long commutes and distracting office environments. It also allows companies to hire talented people regardless of where they live, widening the pool of candidates. Critics, however, worry that remote work weakens teamwork and makes it harder for new employees to learn from experienced colleagues. Without regular face-to-face interaction, some workers feel isolated and struggle to build strong professional relationships. For these reasons, many experts suggest that the future of work will likely be ___________, combining flexibility with occasional in-person collaboration.

Retailers rarely leave the shopping environment to chance. (A) For instance, cheerful background music and pleasant lighting are chosen specifically to keep shoppers relaxed and unhurried. (B) Every detail, from store layout to background music, is carefully designed to influence customer behavior. (C) As a result, customers often spend more time browsing and end up buying items they never intended to purchase.

Caffeine is the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, prized for its ability to sharpen focus and fight off fatigue within minutes of consumption. (A) For this reason, many sleep specialists advise avoiding caffeine after early afternoon, since it can quietly reduce the amount of deep, restorative sleep obtained later at night. (B) It works by blocking adenosine, a chemical that gradually builds up in the brain and makes us feel increasingly sleepy the longer we stay awake. (C) The effects, however, last far longer than most people realize, since caffeine can remain active in the bloodstream for five or six hours after it is consumed.

As the metaverse develops, entirely new categories of professional work are emerging alongside it. (A) Virtual event planners, for instance, now organize concerts and conferences that take place entirely within digital platforms. (B) Some skepticism remains, since the technology has not yet attracted the enormous user base that early predictions promised. (C) Despite this uncertainty, major companies continue to invest heavily, betting that virtual spaces will eventually rival physical venues in importance.

This is precisely the kind of disruption that white noise is designed to prevent. Many people struggling to fall asleep in noisy environments turn to white noise machines, devices that emit a steady, uniform sound covering a broad range of frequencies. ( ① ) The appeal lies in a phenomenon called auditory masking, in which a constant background sound makes sudden noises, such as a slamming door, less noticeable to the sleeping brain. ( ② ) Without this masking effect, an abrupt change in sound is far more likely to trigger a brief awakening, even if the sleeper does not consciously remember it the next morning. ( ③ ) Studies comparing sleep in quiet rooms with sleep alongside white noise have found that participants using white noise experienced fewer of these brief awakenings and reported feeling more rested. ( ④ ) However, researchers caution that the benefit depends heavily on volume and consistency, since noise that is too loud or that varies unpredictably can itself become a source of disruption rather than a remedy. ( ⑤ ) Such backfiring effects remind us that more sound is not always better for a restless sleeper.