영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Browsing an online store today often means ①chatting with an AI assistant that asks a few quick questions, such as budget or intended use, before suggesting a short list of products tailored to the answers. Unlike a static list of best-sellers, this assistant can adjust its suggestions on the spot, ②responding to follow-up questions the way a knowledgeable salesperson might in a physical store. Retailers report that shoppers ③who use these chatbots tend to complete purchases more often and return fewer items, since the guided conversation helps buyers choose products that actually fit their needs. Some shoppers, however, remain wary of how personal the questions can feel, ④wonder how much of that conversation is quietly stored and reused to influence future purchases. Consumer advocates argue that stores should clearly explain what happens to this data, rather than ⑤burying the explanation in a lengthy privacy policy.

Across many countries, high schools begin classes ①early in the morning, often before eight o'clock. This schedule assumes that teenagers can simply go to bed earlier to compensate, but biology tells a different story. During adolescence, the body's internal clock shifts ②earlier, delaying the release of melatonin until well after ten at night. As a result, most teenagers are not physiologically ready to fall asleep until much later than younger children or adults. When early start times force them to wake before their bodies have completed a full sleep cycle, the mismatch ③accumulates into a chronic sleep debt that affects concentration and mood throughout the school day. Researchers who study this mismatch argue that the underlying problem is not laziness or poor discipline among students, but a scheduling system built around adult rhythms rather than ④adolescent ones. Some school districts that delayed their start times by thirty minutes reported ⑤measurable improvements in attendance.

When the body fights off an infection, the immune system relies heavily on adequate sleep to function ①effectively. During deep sleep, the body produces and releases cytokines, proteins that help ②regulate immune responses and coordinate the fight against harmful invaders. People who consistently sleep fewer than six hours a night show measurably ③weaker antibody responses after vaccination compared with those who sleep seven or eight hours. Chronic sleep deprivation also appears to ④reduce low-grade inflammation throughout the body, a state that has been linked to a higher risk of heart disease. Rather than being a passive state, sleep functions as an active period during which the immune system repairs itself and ⑤prepares for future threats.

When people consistently sleep too little, the body's hormonal balance shifts in ways that can ①quietly encourage weight gain. Two hormones in particular play ②opposing roles in regulating appetite: leptin signals fullness to the brain, while ghrelin stimulates the sensation of hunger. Studies show that sleep deprivation lowers leptin levels while raising ghrelin levels, so a tired body ends up feeling ③fuller than it actually needs to be, even after a normal-sized meal. At the same time, insufficient sleep interferes with how efficiently the body processes glucose, making cells less ④responsive to insulin and leaving more sugar circulating in the bloodstream than usual. Over months or years, this combination of increased appetite and reduced insulin sensitivity can contribute to steady weight gain and raise the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Because these effects build up so ⑤gradually, many people never connect their shifting eating habits or worsening blood sugar to something as ordinary as a few lost hours of sleep each night.

Retailers use a variety of techniques designed to encourage customers to make unplanned purchases. Placing small, inexpensive items near checkout counters, for example, tempts shoppers who are already waiting in line with little else to do. Online stores achieve a similar effect through countdown timers that create a false sense of urgency, suggesting that a deal will vanish within minutes. Bright colors, cheerful music, and pleasant scents are also carefully chosen to put customers in a relaxed mood, making them less likely to think critically about their spending. Critics argue that these tactics ___________. Supporters of the industry insist that such techniques merely make shopping more enjoyable and are not inherently deceptive.

When people encounter solid scientific evidence about climate change, we might expect them to accept it without hesitation. However, many individuals still dismiss or downplay such evidence, and psychologists explain this pattern through a concept called motivated reasoning. Motivated reasoning refers to _______________. For example, a person whose livelihood depends on the fossil fuel industry may unconsciously search for reasons to doubt climate data, even while claiming to value scientific accuracy. This happens because accepting uncomfortable facts can threaten a person's sense of self or demand costly lifestyle changes. Therefore, simply presenting more data rarely persuades a committed skeptic. Instead, experts suggest connecting climate information to values the person already holds, such as family safety or economic stability, so that acceptance feels natural rather than threatening.

A smart thermostat that learns a family's daily rhythm can lower the temperature automatically before everyone wakes up cold, while smart lights that follow a resident's schedule no longer need to be switched on and off by hand. Sensors collect data about temperature, motion, and light throughout the home, and an algorithm gradually learns which settings match each household's actual habits. Yet convenience comes with a trade-off that many households overlook: _______________.

Greenwashing has become a common strategy among companies eager to appear environmentally responsible. (A) For example, a company might use a green logo or the word "eco" without changing its actual production methods at all. (B) In contrast, genuine sustainability requires real changes, such as reducing waste or using renewable energy sources. (C) Often, this involves marketing language that suggests care for the planet while offering little real evidence.

주어진 문장: Every choice, from filters to captions, is carefully calculated to create a favorable impression on viewers. Sociologist Erving Goffman argued that people constantly perform for others, much like actors managing their image on a stage, a concept known as impression management. ( ① ) This idea applies vividly to social media, where users select flattering photos and delete posts that might damage their reputation. ( ② ) Such careful curation allows people to present an idealized version of themselves that emphasizes achievements while hiding struggles or ordinary moments. ( ③ ) However, when this performance becomes constant, a troubling gap can form between one's authentic self and the polished character displayed online. ( ④ ) Maintaining that gap requires considerable emotional energy, and studies suggest it often leads to anxiety and exhaustion. ( ⑤ ) Furthermore, comparing one's own carefully staged life to others' equally staged posts can distort what people believe is normal. Therefore, individuals should recognize that some self-presentation online is inevitable, but they must also protect space where imperfection is allowed to remain visible.

Its influence, in fact, can persist quietly long after any feeling of alertness has faded. Caffeine is the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, prized for its ability to sharpen focus and fight off fatigue within minutes of consumption. ( ① ) It works by blocking adenosine, a chemical that gradually builds up in the brain throughout the day and makes us feel increasingly sleepy the longer we stay awake. ( ② ) By occupying the receptors that adenosine would normally bind to, caffeine tricks the brain into feeling alert even when the body has accumulated significant sleep pressure. ( ③ ) The effects, however, last far longer than most people realize. Because caffeine can remain active in the bloodstream for five to six hours, a cup of coffee consumed in the late afternoon may still be interfering with the ability to fall asleep at midnight. ( ④ ) Even when people do not consciously notice difficulty falling asleep, caffeine has been shown to reduce the amount of deep, restorative sleep obtained later in the night. ( ⑤ ) For this reason, many sleep specialists advise avoiding caffeine after early afternoon.