영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Exercise does far more than strengthen muscles and the heart; it also produces ① measurable changes within the brain itself. During sustained physical activity, the body releases a protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which supports the growth of new neurons and ② strengthens connections between existing ones, particularly in regions associated with memory and learning. Studies comparing physically active students to sedentary peers have repeatedly found that the active group performs ③ better on tests of attention and problem-solving, even when the exercise session ends well before the test begins. Researchers believe that exercise increases blood flow to the brain, delivering oxygen and nutrients more efficiently, while also ④ raising levels of stress hormones that can interfere with clear thinking. Interestingly, aerobic activities such as running or swimming appear to produce more ⑤ pronounced cognitive benefits than purely strength-based training.

Psychologists have long studied a mechanism called the variable reward schedule, in which rewards arrive unpredictably rather than after every single action. Slot machines famously exploit this principle, and social media notifications operate on strikingly similar logic. When someone posts a photo, they cannot predict exactly when likes will appear, nor how many they will eventually receive. This uncertainty triggers a small burst of dopamine each time the phone is checked, regardless of whether the result is disappointing or thrilling. Consequently, users often refresh their feeds compulsively, hoping the next check will finally bring a satisfying reward. What makes this troubling is that technology companies deliberately designed notification systems using insights borrowed from gambling research, rather than stumbling upon them by accident. Such practices raise serious ethical questions about manipulating users' brains for profit. Therefore, people must _______________.

In the days leading up to an endurance event, many athletes deliberately increase their carbohydrate intake while reducing training volume, a practice known as carbohydrate loading. The strategy is designed to maximize the amount of glycogen, the storage form of carbohydrate, packed into muscle tissue before competition begins. Because glycogen serves as the primary fuel source during prolonged, intense exercise, _______________. Sports nutritionists caution, however, that the timing and composition of meals matter as much as the total quantity of carbohydrate consumed, since eating unfamiliar foods immediately before competition can cause digestive discomfort.

Researchers who study teenagers have found a strong link between how well students sleep and how well they perform in school. Students who sleep fewer than seven hours a night tend to score lower on tests of memory and attention than those who sleep eight or nine hours, even when the two groups study for the same number of hours. One explanation is that sleep plays an active role in learning: during certain stages of sleep, the brain replays and strengthens information encountered during the day, _______________. When sleep is cut short, this consolidation process is interrupted before it can finish, so material that seemed well understood the night before often feels unfamiliar the next morning. For this reason, some schools have begun rethinking early start times, reasoning that an extra hour of sleep might do more for test scores than an extra hour of studying ever could.

Elite athletes rarely walk up to a free throw line or a golf ball without first performing a highly specific sequence of movements, a habit sports psychologists call a pre-performance routine. (A) Researchers have found that athletes who follow a consistent routine tend to show more stable performance under pressure than those who approach each attempt differently. (B) Far from being mere superstition, this consistent sequence serves a genuine cognitive purpose, narrowing an athlete's focus away from distracting thoughts and toward the specific technical cues needed to execute the skill correctly. (C) For this reason, coaches now actively teach young athletes to develop and rehearse individualized routines rather than treating them as personal quirks.

The subscription economy has changed the way many people think about ownership. (A) As a result, companies can predict their income more accurately and plan their operations accordingly. (B) Rather than buying products outright, consumers increasingly prefer paying small recurring fees for continued access. (C) This shift benefits businesses as well, since steady monthly payments create a stable source of revenue.

Team sports place athletes in a uniquely social form of competition, one where individual skill alone rarely determines the outcome of a match. (A) Sports psychologists have long studied why some groups of talented individual players fail to perform as a cohesive unit while other, less individually skilled teams consistently exceed expectations. (B) Trust among teammates appears to be a decisive factor, since players who believe their teammates will reliably fulfill their roles are more willing to take the calculated risks that winning often requires. (C) Clear and consistent communication during high-pressure moments further reduces the hesitation and confusion that can unravel a team's coordination in front of a crowd.

People rarely realize how many different roles they play throughout an ordinary day. (A) A single online post, however, reaches all of these audiences simultaneously, blending roles that were once kept apart. (B) They might act formally with a manager, casually with old friends, and gently with a younger sibling, switching tones without much thought. (C) This blending, known as context collapse, can leave posters uncertain about which version of themselves to display.

Imagine a classroom discussion where nearly everyone seems to support one viewpoint. (A) As more silence accumulates, the minority opinion appears rarer than it truly is, discouraging even more people from speaking. (B) A student who privately disagrees might quickly sense this imbalance and decide to remain quiet rather than face disapproval. (C) This exact pattern, described by the spiral of silence theory, also unfolds across entire societies and online communities.

주어진 문장: A color considered lucky and celebratory in one culture, for instance, might represent grief in another. Color plays a surprisingly powerful role in how consumers perceive brands, often shaping first impressions before a single word is read. ( ① ) Studies suggest that people form judgments about a product within seconds of seeing its packaging, and color accounts for a significant portion of that instant reaction. ( ② ) Blue, for instance, is frequently used by financial and technology companies because it tends to evoke feelings of trust and stability. ( ③ ) Red, in contrast, is associated with energy and urgency, which explains why it appears so often in logos for fast-food chains and clearance sales. ( ④ ) Despite these general patterns, cultural context matters significantly. ( ⑤ ) Marketers who ignore these cultural differences risk sending unintended messages to international audiences.