영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Retailers frequently rely on sales events to boost short-term revenue, but the psychology behind these promotions is more complex than simple discounting. When a price is crossed out and replaced with a lower number, consumers instinctively ①perceive the new price as a bargain. This technique, ②known as anchoring, shapes how shoppers judge value by comparing prices rather than evaluating a product on its own merits. Limited-time sales further intensify this effect, since a ticking clock ③encourage rushed decisions that leave little room for careful comparison. Retailers also use phrases such as "while supplies last" to suggest scarcity, even when inventory ④remains plentiful. Over time, frequent sales can actually train customers ⑤to wait for discounts rather than buy at full price.

The twenty-hour rule proposes that years of practice ①are not needed to become skilled at a new activity. Only about twenty hours of effort are needed to reach a useful level. Unlike theories ②claiming true mastery requires ten thousand hours, this rule targets a more modest goal. According to supporters, practicing any new skill produces the fastest visible improvement, since a beginner ③has room to grow. Someone learning guitar can typically strum simple chords and follow a basic song within twenty hours of ④daily practice. Advocates emphasize that the twenty hours must be deliberate and focused, broken into short daily sessions rather than one long stretch, and ⑤aims at fixing weaknesses rather than repeating what one already knows.

Coaches have traditionally focused athlete preparation on training volume and nutrition, but a growing body of research ① suggests that sleep deserves equal attention. During deep sleep, the body releases growth hormone, a substance essential for ② repairing muscle tissue damaged during intense training, while the brain consolidates motor skills practiced earlier that day into more stable, efficient patterns. Athletes who sleep fewer than seven hours a night have been shown ③ suffering more injuries, slower reaction times, and reduced accuracy compared to well-rested peers performing the identical drills. Frequent travel across time zones compounds this challenge considerably, since jet lag can ④ disrupt an athlete's natural sleep-wake cycle for several days after a long flight. In response, many professional teams now employ sleep specialists ⑤ who design travel schedules, control bedroom lighting and temperature, and even adjust competition start times when possible.

Sleep is not a single, uniform state but a cycle that alternates between two very different modes: REM (rapid eye movement) sleep and non-REM sleep. During non-REM sleep, especially its deepest stage, the brain waves ① slow down dramatically, the body temperature drops, and tissue repair and growth hormone release reach their peak. This is the period most closely associated with physical ② restoration. REM sleep, by contrast, brings rapid eye movements, near-total muscle paralysis, and brain activity that closely resembles wakefulness. Most vivid dreaming occurs during this stage, and researchers believe it plays a central role in ③ ignoring memories and processing emotional experiences. A healthy night typically cycles through both stages four or five times, with non-REM dominating the early hours and REM periods ④ lengthening toward morning. Disrupting either stage, through frequent awakenings or alcohol use, can leave a person feeling ⑤ unrested even after a full night in bed.

Across many countries, high schools begin classes early in the morning, often before eight o'clock. This schedule assumes that teenagers can simply go to bed earlier to compensate, but biology tells a different story. During adolescence, the body's internal clock shifts later, delaying the release of melatonin until well after ten at night. As a result, most teenagers are not physiologically ready to fall asleep until much later than younger children or adults. When early start times force them to wake before their bodies have completed a full sleep cycle, the mismatch accumulates into a chronic sleep debt that affects concentration and mood throughout the school day. Researchers who study this mismatch argue that _______________. Some school districts that delayed their start times by thirty minutes reported improvements in attendance, suggesting that the timing of the school day matters more than commonly assumed.

Melatonin is a hormone produced by a small gland deep within the brain, and its release follows a remarkably predictable daily pattern. Levels stay low throughout the bright hours of the day, begin rising in the evening as darkness falls, peak in the middle of the night, and then decline again as morning approaches. This rhythm is controlled primarily by light: specialized cells in the eye detect brightness and send signals that either permit or suppress melatonin production, which is why exposure to bright screens late at night can delay its release and make falling asleep more difficult. Unlike some hormones that directly cause the body to perform a task, _______________, preparing various systems to shift into a lower-energy state. Because of this signaling role, taking melatonin supplements at the wrong time can shift a person's internal clock in the opposite direction from what was intended.

Sleep debt refers to the cumulative gap between the amount of sleep a person needs and the amount they actually get. Unlike a financial debt, however, this deficit cannot simply be repaid with a single long weekend of rest. When someone loses two hours of sleep every night for a week, the body does not treat the shortage as fourteen separate small losses; instead, it accumulates the deficit, and _______________. Researchers have found that even modest, chronic sleep restriction gradually impairs reaction time and decision-making, often without the affected person noticing the decline. This is because subjective feelings of tiredness tend to plateau after a few days, even as objective performance keeps deteriorating. Consequently, people frequently underestimate how much sleep debt they are carrying until a demanding task suddenly exposes the accumulated cost.

Implementation intentions have become one of the most widely studied tools in behavioral psychology for helping people reach their goals. (A) Unlike a vague goal such as "I will exercise more," an implementation intention specifies both the situation that triggers the behavior and the exact action that follows. (B) Because the decision has already been made in advance, people no longer need to rely on willpower at the critical moment when the temptation to skip arises. (C) For example, a person might decide, "If it is seven in the morning, then I will put on my running shoes immediately," rather than simply hoping to find time to exercise.

Minimalism has become an appealing lifestyle choice for many young adults today. (A) As they discard unnecessary belongings, many report feeling less stressed and more focused on what truly matters to them. (B) Rather than accumulating possessions, they choose to keep only items that serve a clear purpose. (C) This shift often begins with a single frustrating experience, such as moving to a new home with too many boxes.

주어진 문장: For patients in isolated regions, this convenience can mean the difference between receiving care and going without it. Telemedicine, which allows patients to consult doctors through video calls rather than in-person visits, has expanded rapidly since its early adoption. ( ① ) Supporters argue that this approach saves patients considerable time and makes healthcare accessible to people living in remote areas without nearby hospitals. ( ② ) It has also created new career opportunities, since healthcare providers now need staff skilled in digital communication and remote diagnostic technology. ( ③ ) However, critics contend that virtual appointments cannot fully replace physical examinations, which remain essential for detecting certain conditions. ( ④ ) They also worry that elderly patients unfamiliar with technology may struggle to access these services effectively. ( ⑤ ) Despite such concerns, most healthcare experts believe telemedicine will continue to grow.