영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Internet activist Eli Pariser introduced the term filter bubble to describe a phenomenon ①created by online algorithms. Social media platforms and search engines constantly track which links users click and how long they linger on certain posts. Based on this data, algorithms predict what each individual is most likely ②to enjoy and quietly prioritize similar content in future results. As a result, two people who type the same search query can receive strikingly different results, each ③tailoring to personal history. This automatic filtering happens silently, without users ever ④deciding to limit what they see. Consequently, many people gradually lose access to viewpoints ⑤that challenge their existing beliefs, even though they never intended to avoid them.

Every cell in the human body follows an internal timer known as the circadian rhythm, a roughly twenty-four-hour cycle that ① governs when we feel alert and when we feel drowsy. This clock is regulated primarily by a tiny cluster of neurons in the brain that responds to light entering through the eyes. When morning sunlight strikes the retina, the cluster signals the body to ② suppress sleep hormones and raise body temperature, preparing us for activity. As evening approaches and light fades, the same mechanism triggers the release of melatonin, a hormone that ③ promotes drowsiness. Because this rhythm evolved around the natural cycle of day and night, modern habits such as staying indoors under artificial light or working night shifts can push the internal clock ④ out of sync with the external environment. Such misalignment does not simply cause tiredness; it has also been associated with digestive problems and ⑤ heightened concentration, suggesting that timing matters as much as total sleep hours.

Building brand loyalty has traditionally been considered one of the most valuable goals in marketing, since loyal customers tend to spend ①more and recommend products to others. However, some critics argue that these programs manipulate consumers into staying with a brand out of habit rather than genuine ②satisfaction. Genuine loyalty, they contend, should be earned through consistent quality and honest treatment of customers, not through ③artificial incentives that merely delay a customer's departure. Furthermore, excessive focus on retaining existing customers can cause companies to ④neglect innovation, since they assume loyal buyers will continue purchasing regardless of improvements. Relying solely on loyalty programs without addressing underlying product quality may ultimately ⑤succeed.

Having grown up with smartphones and social media, they research products ①extensively online before making even small purchases. Unlike older generations, who often valued brand loyalty above all else, many members of Generation Z ②prioritize a company's values, switching brands easily if one no longer matches their beliefs. They also tend to ③favor secondhand and resale platforms, viewing sustainability as an important factor. Peer recommendations shared through short videos frequently carry ④less weight than traditional celebrity endorsements, since viewers see these creators as relatable rather than distant figures. Businesses that fail to adapt to these preferences risk losing an entire generation of potential customers, so many companies now invest in ⑤authentic engagement.

When Daniel was a child, he dreamed of becoming an astronaut, yet he assumed such careers belonged only to a handful of government scientists. During an internship, he helped design a small satellite intended to monitor crop health from orbit, a project that combined engineering with agricultural science. He realized that ___________. After graduation, Daniel joined a startup developing lunar landing equipment, a job that barely existed when he first imagined his future career.

As the metaverse develops, entirely new categories of professional work are emerging alongside it. (A) Virtual event planners, for instance, now organize concerts and conferences that take place entirely within digital platforms. (B) Some skepticism remains, since the technology has not yet attracted the enormous user base that early predictions promised. (C) Despite this uncertainty, major companies continue to invest heavily, betting that virtual spaces will eventually rival physical venues in importance.

주어진 문장: A color considered lucky and celebratory in one culture, for instance, might represent grief in another. Color plays a surprisingly powerful role in how consumers perceive brands, often shaping first impressions before a single word is read. ( ① ) Studies suggest that people form judgments about a product within seconds of seeing its packaging, and color accounts for a significant portion of that instant reaction. ( ② ) Blue, for instance, is frequently used by financial and technology companies because it tends to evoke feelings of trust and stability. ( ③ ) Red, in contrast, is associated with energy and urgency, which explains why it appears so often in logos for fast-food chains and clearance sales. ( ④ ) Despite these general patterns, cultural context matters significantly. ( ⑤ ) Marketers who ignore these cultural differences risk sending unintended messages to international audiences.

주어진 문장: Not every transaction goes smoothly, however, since photographs and descriptions cannot always capture an item's true condition. Secondhand trading platforms, once considered a niche market for used goods, have grown into a mainstream part of consumer culture. ( ① ) Rising prices for new products, combined with growing awareness of environmental waste, have encouraged many shoppers to consider used items before purchasing something brand new. ( ② ) These platforms allow individuals to sell clothing, electronics, and furniture directly to other consumers, cutting out traditional retail markups entirely. ( ③ ) For younger buyers especially, purchasing secondhand items has become associated with resourcefulness rather than financial necessity. ( ④ ) Sellers benefit as well, earning extra income from items that would otherwise sit unused in storage. ( ⑤ ) To address this problem, many platforms now offer buyer protection programs and detailed rating systems for sellers.

주어진 문장: This fear of missing out, often shortened to FOMO, drives many shoppers to act faster than they normally would. Limited-edition products are goods that are released in small quantities for a short period of time. ( ① ) Many companies use this strategy because scarcity naturally increases how much people desire an item. ( ② ) When consumers believe that a product will disappear soon, they often feel pressured to buy it immediately rather than wait. ( ③ ) For instance, a sneaker company that releases only a few thousand pairs of a special design can generate long lines outside stores overnight. ( ④ ) However, this psychological pressure can lead to purchases that are driven by fear rather than genuine need. ( ⑤ ) As a result, some shoppers later regret spending money on products they rarely use afterward.

주어진 문장: This concern reflects a deeper fear about what makes art meaningful in the first place. Artificial intelligence has begun to play a surprising role in creative industries once thought to be uniquely human. ( ① ) Programs can now compose music, generate paintings, and even draft short stories within seconds. ( ② ) Some artists welcome this technology, using AI tools to explore new styles or overcome creative blocks that once took weeks to resolve. ( ③ ) Others, however, argue that AI-generated art lacks the emotional depth that comes from genuine human experience. ( ④ ) Despite this debate, most experts agree that AI is unlikely to fully replace artists anytime soon. ( ⑤ ) Instead, it functions best as a collaborative tool, helping creators experiment faster while leaving final artistic decisions to humans.