영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Value-based consumption refers to the practice of spending money on products or experiences ①that align with a person's personal beliefs, even if cheaper alternatives exist. Some critics dismiss this approach as impractical, ②arguing that most people cannot afford to prioritize ethics over affordability in daily life. However, supporters point out that value-based spending does not require constant sacrifice; it often means ③buying fewer, higher-quality items rather than accumulating cheap goods that wear out quickly. This shift also encourages companies ④improve their practices, since consumer demand increasingly rewards transparency and responsibility. For example, a clothing brand that openly shares its supply chain information may attract loyal customers ⑤willing to pay slightly more.

Rather than displaying products in the usual manner, the team designed the space to resemble a colorful garden, inviting visitors to explore and take photographs. Lines formed outside the store within days, even though the products themselves were already available online. Curious about this success, a marketing researcher later interviewed several visitors, who explained that the temporary nature of the event made the experience feel special and worth attending in person. When the two weeks ended, the brand reported a significant ①decrease in both sales and social media followers. ②Encouraged by these results, the company ③began planning ④additional pop-up events in ⑤other cities.

As technology continues to reshape nearly every profession, the idea of finishing education after graduation has become ①fashionable. Workers who once expected their initial training to last an entire career now find that skills can become obsolete within just a few years. Lifelong learning, therefore, has shifted from being an optional pursuit to a practical ②necessity for staying competitive in the job market. Companies that support this kind of continuous education often ③benefit as well, since employees bring fresh knowledge back into their daily tasks. Critics argue that constant learning can be ④exhausting and difficult to balance with personal responsibilities. Nevertheless, most career experts insist that those who resist ongoing education risk falling ⑤behind their peers.

Many people feel a ①sudden wave of anxiety when their smartphone battery is nearly dead or they have left it at home. This ②intense discomfort, known as nomophobia, is short for "no-mobile-phone phobia." Researchers explain that this fear develops because smartphones have become ③tightly linked to social belonging; missing a notification can feel like being cut off from friends. Therefore, experts suggest gradually reducing phone checks to ④strengthen this anxious dependence. Recognizing nomophobia as a real psychological pattern is the first step toward a ⑤healthier relationship with technology.

Long before a user finishes typing a sentence, the keyboard on most smartphones has already begun guessing what word comes next. This feature relies on a language model trained to notice which words commonly follow one another, so it can offer a shortlist of likely candidates above the keyboard, ① saving users countless keystrokes over the course of a day. The system also adapts to each individual, gradually learning a person's favorite phrases, slang, and even the names of friends that no generic dictionary would ② recognize. This constant personalization, however, creates a subtle side effect that few users notice. Because the keyboard ③ nudges people toward its own suggestions, some linguists worry that autocomplete may be quietly ④ widening everyday vocabulary, encouraging writers to accept a convenient suggestion rather than searching for the more precise or original word they might otherwise have ⑤ chosen.

Minji spent nearly every evening watching Jimin, an online creator who streamed cooking videos and chatted casually with her viewers. Over several months, Minji began to feel as though she truly knew Jimin, laughing at her jokes and worrying whenever she mentioned having a difficult week. Whenever Jimin responded to a comment, even a simple one, Minji felt a small thrill of connection, as if they were becoming closer friends. One day, Minji excitedly waited outside a fan event, hoping that Jimin would recognize her from the countless messages she had sent. However, Jimin greeted her the same way she greeted every other stranger in line, without any hint of personal recognition. Standing there, Minji slowly realized that ___________.

Anthropologist Robin Dunbar proposed a concept now known as Dunbar's number, suggesting that human beings can only maintain about one hundred fifty stable social relationships at any given time. This limit, he argued, comes from the size of the human brain, which restricts how many meaningful connections a person can cognitively manage. In contrast, many social media users today have hundreds or even thousands of online friends and followers, a number far exceeding what Dunbar's research predicts. However, having numerous digital contacts does not necessarily mean that all of these relationships are close or emotionally supportive. Most users, when asked, admit that they interact regularly with only a small fraction of their total followers, while the rest remain largely unnoticed. Therefore, Dunbar's number reminds us that ___________.

When Minji was in ninth grade, she posted a joking comment mocking a classmate's photo, never imagining anyone would remember it later. Last spring, she applied to join her school's student council, hoping her leadership experience would impress the selection committee. During the interview, however, one teacher mentioned having seen an old, unkind comment under Minji's name while reviewing applicants' profiles. Startled, Minji realized that everything she had ever posted online had quietly accumulated into what is called a digital footprint, a lasting trail of personal data left behind by online activity. Although she deleted the comment immediately, the damage to her reputation had already been done. She understood that digital footprints ___________.

Across the world, teenagers are chronically short on sleep, often getting two or three hours less than the eight to ten hours experts recommend for their age. (A) In response, some school districts have experimented with delaying start times, and early results suggest that students who gain extra rest show improved grades and better mood. (B) As a result, chronic sleep loss during adolescence has been linked to impaired concentration, weakened memory, and a higher risk of anxiety and depression. (C) Part of the problem lies in biology, since the body's internal clock naturally shifts later during puberty, while school start times rarely adjust to match.

주어진 문장: Better rested individuals, in turn, tend to have more patience and energy for the people around them. A growing number of people are practicing what is now called digital detox, the deliberate decision to stop using smartphones for a set period. ( ① ) Rather than checking notifications every few minutes, participants unplug for a weekend, a week, or sometimes even longer. ( ② ) Numerous studies suggest that this temporary withdrawal produces real benefits for both the mind and the body. ( ③ ) First, attention spans fragmented by constant notifications gradually recover, allowing people to concentrate on single tasks for longer stretches. ( ④ ) Second, avoiding screens before bedtime improves sleep quality, since blue light emitted by devices is known to disrupt natural sleep cycles. ( ⑤ ) Third, people freed from their phones often rediscover the pleasure of face-to-face conversations that had been replaced by texting. Critics argue that complete disconnection is impractical in a hyperconnected society, yet even brief, regular breaks appear to restore balance. Therefore, scheduling periodic digital detox sessions deserves serious consideration.