영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

문제 1

Anyone who has ridden a bicycle after a decade away from one has likely ① experiencing muscle memory firsthand: the body seems to recall a complex skill almost instantly, even when conscious memory of the exact movements has faded. Contrary to what the name suggests, muscles themselves do not actually store memories; the phenomenon originates in the brain and nervous system, where repeated practice gradually ② shifts control of a well-learned movement from regions associated with conscious thought to areas that operate largely automatically. This shift explains why a skilled athlete can ③ execute a complicated sequence of movements without consciously thinking through each individual step, freeing mental attention for strategy and decision-making instead. Interestingly, research also suggests that these neural pathways can remain partially intact even after long periods without practice, which is why relearning a skill is typically much ④ faster than learning it for the very first time. Coaches often exploit this principle by ⑤ ensuring that fundamental techniques are practiced correctly from the very beginning.

문제 2

Modern factories increasingly rely on collaborative robots, often called cobots, ①which are designed to work safely alongside human employees. Unlike traditional industrial robots that operate behind safety cages, cobots use sensors ②detect nearby workers and adjust their movements accordingly. In practice, cobots typically handle repetitive or physically demanding tasks, such as ③lifting heavy parts, while human workers focus on tasks that require judgment. This division of labor increases overall efficiency, since each side ④contributes what it does best. Manufacturers who have introduced cobots report fewer workplace injuries, largely because employees no longer ⑤perform exhausting repetitive motions all day.

문제 3

As millions of people now earn income through delivery apps and ride-hailing platforms, questions about their legal status have become increasingly ①urgent. Most platform workers are classified as independent contractors rather than employees, which means they lack access to minimum wage guarantees, paid sick leave, and unemployment insurance. Companies ②oppose this arrangement because it allows them to avoid the costs associated with hiring full employees. Worker advocates argue that many platform workers ③depend on these jobs as their primary source of income, much like traditional employees do. Several countries have recently begun ④reconsidering their labor laws, proposing new categories that would grant platform workers some employee-like protections. Supporters of these reforms believe fair treatment and flexibility can ⑤coexist within the same system.

문제 4

Many people believe that a new habit becomes automatic after only twenty-one days, but researchers who ①examined real behavior found a different number. Researchers measured how automatic each action felt over time and found that habits needed an average of sixty-six days to become ②effortless. Yet the actual time varied ③widely, ranging from about eighteen days for simple habits to over two hundred days for difficult ones. This wide range explains why the popular twenty-one-day claim, though easy to remember, ④frequently matches real experience. For instance, flossing might feel automatic within a few weeks, while jogging every morning may take months to feel ⑤natural.

문제 5

Influencer marketing has become one of the most powerful tools that companies use to reach young consumers. Unlike traditional advertisements, which often feel distant and impersonal, posts created by influencers seem more like advice from a trusted friend. This sense of closeness, built through years of sharing daily life online, makes followers more willing to trust product recommendations than ordinary commercials. For example, a skincare brand promoted by a popular lifestyle influencer can sell out within hours simply because her audience believes her opinions are honest. Consumers are becoming more ①careless, checking whether reviews are sponsored before making a purchase. In the end, influencer marketing works best when it ②stays ③grounded in ④authenticity rather than mere ⑤popularity.

문제 6

Self-driving technology is advancing rapidly, and its impact on the transportation industry is becoming increasingly ①visible. Companies are testing autonomous trucks that can travel long distances without human drivers, potentially ②transforming how goods move across countries. Millions of professional drivers worry about losing their jobs as automation ③spreads through the industry. Experts predict that certain driving jobs, particularly long-distance trucking, may shrink significantly within the next two decades. However, new roles are also ④emerging, including remote vehicle operators who monitor fleets of autonomous trucks. Workers who adapt their skills toward supervising and maintaining these systems are likely to find new opportunities rather than face ⑤employment.

문제 7

Many companies today advertise their products as environmentally friendly, yet not all of these claims are ①accurate. Consumers, who are increasingly ②concerned about climate change, often trust such claims without questioning them closely. As a result, they may pay ③higher prices for products that are no more sustainable than ordinary alternatives. Genuine environmental efforts, which usually require significant investment and long-term planning, are far more ④costly than simply changing a label. Therefore, governments should establish clear standards that require companies to prove their environmental claims with ⑤unverifiable data.

문제 8

Recovering from a serious sports injury involves far more than simply waiting for torn tissue to heal; it requires a carefully structured program that gradually reintroduces stress to the affected area. (A) Progressing too quickly at this stage is a common mistake, since tissue that appears healed on the surface may still be structurally fragile beneath it. (B) Skipping the final stage of sport-specific drills, even when an athlete feels fully recovered, dramatically increases the risk of re-injury, because general strength does not automatically translate into the coordination a sport demands. (C) Immediately after an injury, rest and gentle range-of-motion exercises give way to light resistance training as pain subsides, slowly rebuilding strength in muscles weakened by disuse.

문제 9

This shift in emphasis reflects a growing understanding of what actually happens inside the body while an athlete is asleep. Coaches have traditionally focused athlete preparation on training volume and nutrition, but a growing body of research suggests that sleep deserves equal attention. ( ① ) During deep sleep, the body releases growth hormone, a substance essential for repairing muscle tissue damaged during intense training, while the brain consolidates motor skills practiced earlier that day into more stable, efficient patterns. ( ② ) Athletes who sleep fewer than seven hours a night have been shown to suffer more injuries, slower reaction times, and reduced accuracy compared to well-rested peers performing the identical drills. ( ③ ) Frequent travel across time zones compounds this challenge considerably, since jet lag can disrupt an athlete's natural sleep-wake cycle for several days after a long flight, sometimes right before an important competition. ( ④ ) In response, many professional teams now employ sleep specialists who design travel schedules, control bedroom lighting and temperature, and even adjust competition start times when possible. ( ⑤ )

문제 10

주어진 문장: Few shoppers realize how deliberately these small details are arranged to influence their behavior. Retailers use a variety of techniques designed to encourage customers to make unplanned purchases. ( ① ) Placing small, inexpensive items near checkout counters, for example, tempts shoppers who are already waiting in line with little else to do. ( ② ) Online stores achieve a similar effect through countdown timers that create a false sense of urgency, suggesting that a deal will vanish within minutes. ( ③ ) Bright colors, cheerful music, and pleasant scents are also carefully chosen to put customers in a relaxed mood. ( ④ ) Critics argue that these tactics exploit human psychology rather than genuinely informing consumers about a product's value. ( ⑤ ) Supporters of the industry insist that such techniques merely make shopping more enjoyable.