영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

As governments and companies work to address climate change, a new category of employment ①known as green jobs has expanded rapidly. These positions include solar panel installers, wind turbine technicians, and specialists who design energy-efficient buildings. Countries that have invested heavily in renewable energy have seen employment in this sector ②grown far faster than in the economy overall. Young workers, in particular, are drawn to green careers because they ③offer a sense of purpose alongside financial stability. Critics point out that transitioning workers from fossil fuel industries to green jobs is not always simple, ④since the required skills can differ significantly. Governments are therefore introducing training programs designed ⑤to help such workers shift smoothly into renewable energy careers.

For centuries, dreams have fascinated scientists and philosophers alike, yet no single theory fully ①explains why the sleeping brain generates such vivid and often bizarre experiences. One prominent idea suggests that dreaming helps the brain process emotional experiences, ②replays difficult events in a safe, low-stakes environment so that their emotional intensity gradually fades. Another theory proposes that dreams serve a more practical function, ③allowing the brain to rehearse responses to threats without any real danger. Still other researchers argue that dreaming is simply a byproduct of the brain organizing memories, with vivid imagery ④arising as the mind sorts through the day's information rather than serving any independent purpose of its own. Because these theories rest on indirect evidence, none has ⑤been conclusively proven.

Sleep is not a single, uniform state but a cycle that alternates between two very different modes: REM (rapid eye movement) sleep and non-REM sleep. During non-REM sleep, especially its deepest stage, the brain waves slow down dramatically, the body temperature drops, and tissue repair and growth hormone release reach their peak. This is the period ①most closely associated with physical restoration. REM sleep, by contrast, brings rapid eye movements, near-total muscle paralysis, and brain activity that closely ②resemble wakefulness. Most vivid dreaming occurs during this stage, and researchers believe it ③plays a central role in consolidating memories and processing emotional experiences. A healthy night typically cycles through both stages four or five times, with non-REM ④dominating the early hours and REM periods lengthening toward morning. Disrupting either stage, through frequent awakenings or alcohol use, can leave a person ⑤feeling unrested even after a full night in bed.

Sociologists use the term homophily to describe the tendency of people to form connections with others who share ①different backgrounds, opinions, or interests. This principle explains why classmates from the same major often become close friends, while coworkers with shared hobbies naturally gravitate toward one another. Because similarity reduces the effort required to understand another person's perspective, relationships built on shared traits tend to feel ②comfortable and require less negotiation. However, this same comfort can ③narrow the range of viewpoints someone encounters, since surrounding oneself with similar people limits exposure to different ideas. Social media platforms intensify this pattern through recommendation algorithms that suggest new friends based on shared interests or similar browsing history. As a result, users often find their online circles becoming increasingly ④homogeneous, filled with people who think and behave much like themselves. Recognizing this tendency allows individuals to make ⑤deliberate efforts to broaden their social networks.

Browsing an online store today often means chatting with an AI assistant that asks a few quick questions, such as budget or intended use, before suggesting a short list of products ①tailored to the answers. Unlike a static list of best-sellers, this assistant can adjust its suggestions on the spot, responding to follow-up questions the way a knowledgeable salesperson might in a physical store. Retailers report that shoppers who use these chatbots tend to ②complete purchases more often and return fewer items, since the guided conversation helps buyers choose products that actually fit their needs. Some shoppers, however, remain ③confident about how personal the questions can feel, wondering how much of that conversation is quietly stored and reused to influence future purchases. Consumer advocates argue that stores should ④clearly explain what happens to this data, rather than ⑤burying the explanation in a lengthy privacy policy that almost no one reads.

Carbon neutrality refers to a state in which the amount of greenhouse gases a country or company releases into the atmosphere is ①balanced by the amount it removes, resulting in zero net emissions. Achieving this goal typically requires several sequential stages rather than a single sudden action. First, organizations attempt to ②reduce emissions directly by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. Next, they ③improve efficiency throughout their operations, minimizing the energy wasted during production and transportation. Only after these direct measures have been ④maximized do most organizations turn to offsetting, which involves funding projects like reforestation or carbon capture to compensate for emissions that cannot yet be eliminated. Critics argue, however, that some companies exploit offsetting too early, using it to avoid making genuine reductions. Therefore, experts insist that a ⑤flawed roadmap must always prioritize actual emission cuts before relying on compensation.

Behavioral economists use the term status quo bias to describe a tendency to prefer the present situation over a new alternative, even when the alternative would bring greater benefits. This bias helps explain why many households hesitate to switch to renewable energy, such as installing solar panels on their roofs. Although solar panels can lower electricity bills over time, homeowners often stick with their current power source because it feels safe and requires no immediate effort. In contrast, switching demands research, upfront cost, and trust in unfamiliar technology, all of which can seem risky compared with doing nothing. For example, a neighborhood association might repeatedly postpone a vote on shared solar panels, not because the plan is flawed, but because members are reluctant to leave their routine. Therefore, boosting renewable adoption may depend less on proving its advantages and more on _______________.

Three-dimensional printing technology is changing how products are designed and manufactured across many industries. Unlike traditional manufacturing, which often requires expensive molds and long production times, ___________. This flexibility allows companies to produce small batches of customized products without the massive costs typically associated with mass production.

Many teenagers check their social media accounts dozens of times a day, worried that they might miss something important happening among their friends. This anxiety, known as FOMO, or the fear of missing out, arises when people believe that others are enjoying experiences from which they themselves are excluded. For example, a student scrolling through photos of a party she was not invited to may suddenly feel a wave of loneliness and regret, even though the event has already ended. Constantly refreshing feeds to avoid missing such updates, however, makes it difficult to concentrate on schoolwork or conversations happening in the present moment. Moreover, this endless comparison with curated highlights of other people's lives tends to deepen feelings of anxiety rather than relieve them. Therefore, students should learn to ___________.

The gig economy, in which people take on short-term or freelance jobs instead of full-time positions, has grown rapidly over the past decade. This model offers clear advantages: workers can choose when and how much they work, and businesses can hire help only when they actually need it. For many young people entering the job market, gig work provides valuable flexibility that traditional employment rarely allows. However, gig workers often ___________, which full-time employees typically receive. Because their income can fluctuate sharply from month to month, many gig workers struggle to plan their finances confidently.