영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

문제 1

Long before a user finishes typing a sentence, the keyboard on most smartphones has already begun ① guessing what word comes next. This feature relies on a language model ② trained to notice which words commonly follow one another, so it can offer a shortlist of likely candidates above the keyboard, saving users countless keystrokes over the course of a day. The system also adapts to each individual, gradually ③ learning a person's favorite phrases, slang, and even the names of friends that no generic dictionary would recognize. This constant personalization, however, creates a subtle side effect that few users ④ notices. Because the keyboard nudges people toward its own suggestions, some linguists worry that autocomplete may be quietly narrowing everyday vocabulary, encouraging writers ⑤ to accept a convenient suggestion rather than searching for the more precise word.

문제 2

Adaptive learning apps promise something no traditional classroom can easily offer: a lesson plan ① that adjusts itself to each individual student in real time. As a student answers practice questions, the app tracks which concepts are mastered and which remain shaky, then quietly ② reshuffles the next set of problems to target the weaker areas. Early studies suggest that this personalized pacing can help struggling students ③ catch up faster than a one-size-fits-all worksheet ever could. However, critics caution that an app cannot replace the encouragement, humor, and flexibility a human teacher brings to a lesson, especially when a student ④ frustrating rather than simply behind. There is also a subtler concern: students who grow used to instant, algorithm-generated feedback may struggle later with the slower, more ambiguous kind of feedback that real-world tasks and mentors typically ⑤ provide.

문제 3

Every day, email providers quietly block billions of ① unwanted messages before they ever reach a user's inbox, a task that would be impossible without an AI filtering system running constantly in the background. The filter ② examines each incoming message for suspicious patterns, including certain keywords, unusual sender addresses, and formatting tricks that scammers commonly rely on to slip past detection. What makes the system effective is that it ③ stops learning after launch, since whenever a user marks a message as spam or rescues a message mistakenly filtered out, that action becomes new training data, sharpening the filter's future decisions. This creates a constant back-and-forth, since spammers study which messages get blocked and then ④ adjust their wording to slip through again. As a result, spam filtering is less like a fixed wall and more like an ⑤ ongoing contest, with each side continuously adapting to outsmart the other.

문제 4

A growing number of health apps now track steps, sleep, and heart rate throughout the day, quietly building a detailed picture of a user's physical condition without requiring a single visit to a doctor's office. (A) Doctors caution, however, that these apps are designed to detect patterns, not to diagnose illness, and that a worried user should always confirm any alarming reading with a professional. (B) For people living far from specialists or unable to afford frequent checkups, this kind of constant monitoring can feel like a genuine safety net. (C) By comparing this stream of data against patterns drawn from millions of other users, the app's algorithm can flag early warning signs, such as an irregular heartbeat, long before the person notices anything unusual.

문제 5

Researchers who study teenagers have found a strong link between how well students sleep and how well they perform in school. (A) Students who sleep fewer than seven hours a night tend to score lower on tests of memory and attention than those who sleep eight or nine hours, even when the two groups study for the same number of hours. (B) One explanation is that sleep plays an active role in learning: during certain stages of sleep, the brain replays and strengthens information encountered during the day, converting fragile short-term memories into more durable long-term ones. (C) When sleep is cut short, this consolidation process is interrupted before it can finish, so material that seemed well understood the night before often feels unfamiliar the next morning. For this reason, some schools have begun rethinking early start times, reasoning that an extra hour of sleep might do more for test scores than an extra hour of studying ever could.

문제 6

Many people struggling to fall asleep in noisy environments turn to white noise machines, devices that emit a steady, uniform sound covering a broad range of frequencies. (A) Without this masking effect, an abrupt change in sound is far more likely to trigger a brief awakening, even if the sleeper does not consciously remember it the next morning. (B) The appeal lies in a phenomenon called auditory masking, in which a constant background sound makes sudden noises, such as a slamming door, less noticeable to the sleeping brain. (C) However, researchers caution that the benefit depends heavily on volume and consistency, since noise that is too loud or unpredictable can itself become a source of disruption rather than a remedy.

문제 7

Because the airway narrows gradually rather than closing all at once, the severity of each episode can vary widely. Sleep apnea is a disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and restarts during sleep, often because the muscles at the back of the throat relax too much and block the airway. ( ① ) Each pause can last from a few seconds to over a minute, and it may occur dozens of times in a single night without the sleeper ever waking up fully. ( ② ) Because these interruptions rarely produce a clear memory the next morning, many people remain unaware that anything is wrong, even as chronic fatigue, headaches, and irritability build up over months. ( ③ ) Doctors therefore rely less on a patient's own account of the night and more on objective measurements, such as overnight oxygen levels and airflow patterns recorded in a sleep laboratory. ( ④ ) Left untreated, the disorder has been linked to serious long-term risks, including high blood pressure and heart disease, which makes an accurate diagnosis far more urgent than its subtle nighttime symptoms might suggest. ( ⑤ )

문제 8

This grogginess occurs because the brain has not fully completed a sleep cycle and is abruptly pulled out of its deepest phase. A short nap taken in the early afternoon, often called a power nap, can noticeably sharpen attention and mood without leaving a person groggy afterward. ( ① ) The key lies in timing: naps limited to roughly twenty minutes allow the brain to pass through the lightest stages of sleep while avoiding the deeper stages associated with slow-wave activity. ( ② ) If a nap extends much beyond that window, the sleeper risks waking during deep sleep, which produces a foggy, disoriented feeling known as sleep inertia that can persist for thirty minutes or more. ( ③ ) Laboratory studies comparing napping and non-napping groups have repeatedly shown that a brief nap improves reaction time and short-term memory almost as effectively as a full night of extra rest. ( ④ ) Interestingly, the benefit appears strongest when the nap occurs several hours after waking, since this is when the body's natural dip in alertness makes rest most effective. ( ⑤ ) For this reason, many workplaces now designate quiet rooms where employees can recharge briefly during the day.

문제 9

Critics counter that this framing can understate the risk, since even a first draft ultimately shapes everything that follows it. Rather than replacing human creativity outright, many artists, writers, and filmmakers have begun treating AI tools as an unusual kind of collaborator, one that generates dozens of rough options in the time it would take a person to sketch just one. ( ① ) A novelist might ask an AI model for ten possible opening lines and then discard nine, keeping only the phrase that sparks an idea worth developing further. ( ② ) A film composer might use an AI system to generate a rough melody, then rework it entirely by hand until it fits the emotional tone of a specific scene. ( ③ ) What makes this collaboration work, according to many creators, is that the human remains firmly in charge of judgment and taste. ( ④ ) The AI's output, in this view, is treated as raw material rather than a finished product. ( ⑤ )

문제 10

Because this feedback loop relies entirely on light rather than on the clock on the wall, melatonin release can shift dramatically when a person travels across time zones or works through the night. Melatonin is a hormone produced by a small gland deep within the brain, and its release follows a remarkably predictable daily pattern. ( ① ) Levels stay low throughout the bright hours of the day, begin rising in the evening as darkness falls, peak in the middle of the night, and then decline again as morning approaches. ( ② ) This rhythm is controlled primarily by light: specialized cells in the eye detect brightness and send signals that either permit or suppress melatonin production, which is why exposure to bright screens late at night can delay its release and make falling asleep more difficult. ( ③ ) Unlike some hormones that directly cause the body to perform a task, melatonin does not force sleep to occur; instead, it signals to the rest of the body that night has arrived, preparing various systems to shift into a lower-energy state. ( ④ ) Because of this signaling role, taking melatonin supplements at the wrong time can shift a person's internal clock in the opposite direction from what was intended. ( ⑤ )