영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

After an especially demanding training session, the instinct to collapse onto a couch and remain motionless is understandable, yet exercise physiologists increasingly ① recommend the opposite approach. Active recovery involves ② to perform low-intensity movement, such as a light jog, an easy swim, or a gentle bike ride, on days following intense exertion rather than resting completely. This gentle activity keeps blood circulating through tired muscles, which ③ appears to help clear metabolic byproducts that accumulate during hard exercise more efficiently than complete stillness does. Some athletes worry that any movement at all will interfere with the repair process, but research suggests that truly light activity ④ does not meaningfully slow healing and may even reduce the perceived soreness that follows a hard session. The key distinction lies entirely in intensity: active recovery is not a second workout in disguise but a deliberately gentle session ⑤ designed to support, rather than compete with, the body's underlying repair mechanisms.

Long before a user finishes typing a sentence, the keyboard on most smartphones has already begun ① guessing what word comes next. This feature relies on a language model ② trained to notice which words commonly follow one another, so it can offer a shortlist of likely candidates above the keyboard, saving users countless keystrokes over the course of a day. The system also adapts to each individual, gradually ③ learning a person's favorite phrases, slang, and even the names of friends that no generic dictionary would recognize. This constant personalization, however, creates a subtle side effect that few users ④ notices. Because the keyboard nudges people toward its own suggestions, some linguists worry that autocomplete may be quietly narrowing everyday vocabulary, encouraging writers ⑤ to accept a convenient suggestion rather than searching for the more precise word.

After a viewer finishes an episode, a streaming service rarely leaves the choice of what to watch next entirely up to chance. Instead, a recommendation algorithm ① compares that viewer's habits with patterns drawn from millions of other users who watched similar content, then ranks thousands of titles in order of predicted interest. This approach keeps viewers ② disengaged far longer than a simple list of new releases ever could, which is precisely why streaming companies invest so heavily in refining it. The system is not without drawbacks, however. Because the algorithm favors titles similar to what a viewer already enjoys, it can quietly ③ narrow someone's exposure to unfamiliar genres, directors, or cultures, creating a comfortable but repetitive bubble. Some platforms have begun inserting occasional wildcard suggestions, deliberately unrelated to past viewing habits, in an attempt to ④ counteract this narrowing effect and keep recommendations from becoming too ⑤ predictable.

Sleep debt refers to the ① cumulative gap between the amount of sleep a person needs and the amount they actually get. Unlike a financial debt, however, this deficit cannot simply be ② repaid with a single long weekend of rest. When someone loses two hours of sleep every night for a week, the body does not treat the shortage as fourteen separate small losses; instead, it ③ accumulates the deficit, and the resulting impairment in attention and mood can resemble that of a person who has been awake for an entire night. Researchers have found that even modest, chronic sleep restriction gradually impairs reaction time and decision-making, often without the affected person noticing the decline. This is because subjective feelings of tiredness tend to plateau after a few days, even as objective performance keeps deteriorating. Consequently, people frequently ④ underestimate how much sleep debt they are carrying until a demanding task suddenly exposes the ⑤ diminished cost.

A smart thermostat that learns a family's daily rhythm can lower the temperature automatically before everyone wakes up cold, while smart lights that follow a resident's schedule no longer need to be switched on and off by hand. These small ① conveniences rest on a shared foundation: sensors collect data about temperature, motion, and light throughout the home, and an algorithm gradually learns which settings match each household's actual habits rather than a factory default. Over months of use, the system becomes noticeably ② better at anticipating needs, often adjusting settings moments before a resident would have reached for a switch. Yet convenience comes with a trade-off that many households ③ overlook. Every one of these small adjustments depends on constant data collection, meaning that a detailed record of daily habits is quietly being ④ stored somewhere ⑤ beyond their immediate control, giving residents full and constant access to exactly how it is used.

The term green premium describes the ①<u>reduced</u> cost that consumers must pay when they choose an environmentally friendly product or energy source over a conventional, cheaper alternative. For example, an electric vehicle or solar-powered appliance often carries a higher price tag than its gasoline-powered or coal-based counterpart, even though it produces fewer emissions over time. This price gap frequently ②<u>discourages</u> shoppers who support sustainability in principle but cannot justify the additional expense within a limited household budget. In contrast, wealthier consumers can ③<u>absorb</u> the premium more easily, which creates unequal participation in green markets. To ④<u>narrow</u> this gap, governments have introduced subsidies and tax credits that lower upfront costs, while companies invest in research to make clean technologies cheaper to manufacture. As production scales up and innovation continues, many economists expect the green premium to ⑤<u>shrink</u> steadily, eventually making sustainable choices the more affordable option for most consumers.

Across the world, teenagers are chronically short on sleep, often getting two or three hours less than the eight to ten hours experts recommend for their age. Part of the problem lies in biology: as puberty begins, _______________. Yet school start times rarely adjust to this shift, forcing students to wake before their bodies are ready. The consequences extend well beyond simple tiredness. Chronic sleep loss during adolescence has been linked to impaired concentration, weakened memory, and a higher risk of anxiety and depression. It can also disrupt the hormones that regulate appetite, contributing to unhealthy weight gain over time. Some school districts have experimented with delaying start times by even thirty minutes, and early results suggest that students who gain that extra rest show improved grades, better mood, and fewer tardy arrivals. Despite this evidence, changing entrenched school schedules remains a slow and contentious process.

Carbon neutrality refers to a state in which the amount of greenhouse gases a country or company releases into the atmosphere is balanced by the amount it removes, resulting in zero net emissions. Achieving this goal typically requires several sequential stages rather than a single sudden action. First, organizations attempt to reduce emissions directly by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. Next, they improve efficiency throughout their operations, minimizing the energy wasted during production and transportation. Only after these direct measures have been maximized do most organizations turn to _______________. Critics argue, however, that some companies exploit offsetting too early, using it to avoid making genuine reductions. Therefore, experts insist that a credible roadmap must always prioritize actual emission cuts before relying on compensation.

Caffeine is the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, prized for its ability to sharpen focus and fight off fatigue within minutes of consumption. (A) For this reason, many sleep specialists advise avoiding caffeine after early afternoon, since it can quietly reduce the amount of deep, restorative sleep obtained later at night. (B) It works by blocking adenosine, a chemical that gradually builds up in the brain and makes us feel increasingly sleepy the longer we stay awake. (C) The effects, however, last far longer than most people realize, since caffeine can remain active in the bloodstream for five or six hours after it is consumed.

Yet the number displayed each morning is only as good as the estimate behind it. Wearable devices that track sleep have become enormously popular, promising a detailed breakdown of light, deep, and REM sleep each night. ( ① ) These gadgets typically rely on movement sensors and heart rate monitors to estimate sleep stages, since directly measuring brain activity would require equipment found only in a sleep laboratory. ( ② ) This indirect approach, however, introduces significant uncertainty. ( ③ ) Independent studies comparing wearable data with polysomnography, the gold-standard method used in clinical sleep labs, have found that consumer devices are reasonably accurate at distinguishing sleep from wakefulness but considerably less reliable at identifying specific sleep stages. ( ④ ) Some trackers overestimate deep sleep, while others underestimate the amount of time spent in REM sleep, and the margin of error can vary widely between brands. ( ⑤ ) Despite these limitations, many users have come to treat the nightly score generated by their device as an objective medical verdict, sometimes experiencing anxiety when the number falls below what they expect, a phenomenon researchers have begun calling orthosomnia.