영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

A smart thermostat that learns a family's daily rhythm can lower the temperature automatically before everyone wakes up cold, while smart lights ① that follow a resident's schedule no longer need to be switched on and off by hand. These small conveniences rest on a shared foundation: sensors collect data about temperature, motion, and light throughout the home, and an algorithm gradually learns ② which settings match each household's actual habits rather than a factory default. Over months of use, the system becomes noticeably better at ③ anticipate needs, often adjusting settings moments before a resident would have reached for a switch. Yet convenience comes with a trade-off that many households ④ overlook. Every one of these small adjustments depends on constant data collection, meaning that a detailed record of when people wake, leave, and return home is quietly ⑤ being stored somewhere beyond their immediate control.

Color plays a surprisingly powerful role in how consumers perceive brands, often shaping first impressions before a single word is read. Studies suggest that people form judgments about a product within seconds of seeing its packaging, and color accounts for a significant portion of that instant reaction. Blue, for instance, is frequently used by financial and technology companies because it tends to evoke feelings of trust and stability. Red, in contrast, ①are associated with energy and urgency, which ②explains why it appears so often in logos for fast-food chains. Marketers who ③ignore these cultural differences risk sending unintended messages to international audiences. For this reason, companies ④expanding into new markets often ⑤conduct extensive research before finalizing a logo's color scheme.

When a price is crossed out and replaced with a lower number, consumers instinctively perceive the new price as a ①loss, even if the original price was rarely charged. Limited-time sales further ②intensify this effect, since a ticking clock encourages rushed decisions that leave little room for careful comparison. Retailers also use phrases such as "while supplies last" to suggest ③scarcity, even when inventory remains plentiful. Over time, frequent sales can actually train customers to wait for discounts rather than buy at full price, which can ④hurt long-term profits. Despite this risk, many companies continue relying on sales events because the short-term boost in customer traffic usually ⑤outweighs the potential downside.

When people consistently sleep too little, the body's hormonal balance shifts in ways that can quietly encourage weight gain. Two hormones in particular play opposing roles in regulating appetite: leptin signals fullness to the brain, while ghrelin stimulates the sensation of hunger. Studies show that sleep deprivation lowers leptin levels while raising ghrelin levels, so _______________, even after a normal-sized meal. At the same time, insufficient sleep interferes with how efficiently the body processes glucose, making cells less responsive to insulin and leaving more sugar circulating in the bloodstream than usual. Over months or years, this combination of increased appetite and reduced insulin sensitivity can contribute to steady weight gain and raise the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Because these effects build up so gradually, many people never connect their shifting eating habits or worsening blood sugar to something as ordinary as a few lost hours of sleep each night.

Viral marketing campaigns rarely succeed simply because a company has a large advertising budget. (A) A beverage brand, for example, spent almost nothing on production yet reached millions of viewers through a simple dance challenge. (B) Instead, such campaigns tend to succeed when they feel genuine and encourage ordinary users to participate creatively. (C) Other companies later tried to copy the idea, but most failed to capture the same spontaneous energy.

Pop-up stores have become a popular way for brands to create memorable experiences. (A) As a result, visitors often feel a stronger emotional connection to the brand than they would from an ordinary store visit. (B) Because these spaces exist only temporarily, customers feel a sense of urgency to visit before the opportunity disappears. (C) Many brands design these spaces to be visually striking, encouraging visitors to share photographs on social media.

Generation Z is reshaping consumer culture in ways that surprise many traditional marketers. (A) As a result, brands that rely solely on flashy advertising campaigns often struggle to win their loyalty. (B) They tend to research thoroughly before buying and expect companies to demonstrate genuine values, not just attractive slogans. (C) Instead, this generation responds more strongly to transparency and honest communication from the brands they support.

주어진 문장: Recognizing these problems, environmental groups have urged the fashion industry to rethink how clothes are made and discarded. Fast fashion refers to cheap, trendy clothing produced quickly and replaced almost as fast as it is bought. ( ① ) Because these garments are designed to be worn only a few times, huge amounts of fabric end up in landfills every year, and the dyeing process pollutes rivers near factories. ( ② ) In contrast, a growing number of brands are turning toward the circular economy, an economic model in which materials are reused, repaired, or recycled instead of being thrown away after a single use. ( ③ ) For example, some companies collect old clothes, break down the fibers, and weave them into new fabric, while others let customers rent outfits for special occasions rather than buying garments they will barely wear. ( ④ ) These approaches keep resources circulating within the system longer, reducing demand for raw materials. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, shifting from a throwaway habit toward a circular one may be essential for making the fashion industry sustainable.

주어진 문장: Without such outside checks, companies could easily present exaggerated or even false claims as genuine achievements. As consumers become more aware of global social and environmental issues, many now expect companies to take responsibility beyond simply selling products. ( ① ) This expectation has given rise to ethical consumption, in which shoppers consider factors such as fair wages, humane treatment of animals, and environmental sustainability before making purchases. ( ② ) Companies that ignore these concerns risk public backlash, especially when unethical practices are exposed through investigative journalism or social media. ( ③ ) Some corporations have responded by publishing detailed sustainability reports, though critics question whether these documents reflect genuine change or merely serve as public relations tools. ( ④ ) Real accountability, according to many experts, requires independent verification rather than self-reported claims that cannot be easily checked. ( ⑤ ) Consumers, for their part, must also remain vigilant, since a company's marketing language does not always match its actual practices.

In other words, the two stages appear to serve complementary purposes, one restoring the body and the other restoring the mind. Sleep is not a single, uniform state but a cycle that alternates between two very different modes: REM (rapid eye movement) sleep and non-REM sleep. ( ① ) During non-REM sleep, especially its deepest stage, the brain waves slow down dramatically, the body temperature drops, and tissue repair and growth hormone release reach their peak. ( ② ) This is the period most closely associated with physical restoration. ( ③ ) REM sleep, by contrast, brings rapid eye movements, near-total muscle paralysis, and brain activity that closely resembles wakefulness. ( ④ ) Most vivid dreaming occurs during this stage, and researchers believe it plays a central role in consolidating memories and processing emotional experiences. ( ⑤ ) A healthy night typically cycles through both stages four or five times, with non-REM dominating the early hours and REM periods lengthening toward morning. Disrupting either stage, through frequent awakenings or alcohol use, can leave a person feeling unrested even after a full night in bed.