영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

When people encounter solid scientific evidence about climate change, we might expect them ①to accept it without hesitation. However, many individuals still dismiss or downplay such evidence, and psychologists explain this pattern through a concept called motivated reasoning. Motivated reasoning refers to the tendency to process information in a way that ②protects one's existing beliefs, identity, or lifestyle rather than to pursue objective truth. For example, a person whose livelihood depends on the fossil fuel industry may unconsciously search for reasons to doubt climate data, even while ③claim to value scientific accuracy. This happens because accepting uncomfortable facts can threaten a person's sense of self or ④demand costly lifestyle changes. Therefore, simply presenting more data rarely persuades a committed skeptic. Instead, experts suggest connecting climate information to values the person already holds, such as family safety or economic stability, so that acceptance feels ⑤natural rather than threatening.

Minji spent nearly every evening watching Jimin, an online creator who streamed cooking videos and chatted casually with her viewers. Over several months, Minji began to feel as though she truly knew Jimin, ①laughing at her jokes and worrying whenever she mentioned having a difficult week. Whenever Jimin responded to a comment, even a simple one, Minji felt a small thrill of connection, as if they were becoming closer friends. One day, Minji ②reluctantly waited outside a fan event, hoping that Jimin would ③recognize her from the countless messages she had sent. However, Jimin greeted her the same way she greeted every other stranger in line, without any hint of personal recognition. Standing there, Minji slowly realized that the bond she had imagined was entirely ④one-sided, existing only in her own mind. This type of connection, known as a parasocial relationship, can feel remarkably ⑤real despite never being mutual.

When people discuss climate change, they often focus only on rising temperatures or melting ice, treating it as a purely scientific issue. However, the concept of climate justice reminds us that the causes and consequences of climate change are distributed ①**evenly** across the globe. Wealthy, industrialized nations have historically released the ②**largest** share of greenhouse gases while building their economies, yet developing nations, which contributed comparatively little, frequently suffer the most ③**severe** droughts and floods. This gap between responsibility and suffering raises a serious ④**ethical** question that science alone cannot answer. For example, a farming community in a low-income country may lose its entire harvest to an unusual flood, even though its members have never owned a car or flown on a plane. Therefore, tackling climate change requires more than new technology; it demands ⑤**fair** policies supporting the very communities least responsible for causing the crisis.

When Daniel was a child, he dreamed of becoming an astronaut, yet he assumed such careers belonged only to a handful of government scientists. By the time he entered university, however, the space industry had changed ①dramatically, as private companies began launching satellites and building reusable rockets. Daniel studied aerospace engineering, drawn to the idea that space exploration was no longer ②limited to a few national agencies. During an internship, he helped design a small satellite intended to ③monitor crop health from orbit. He realized that the space industry now needed not only pilots and engineers but also data analysts, technicians, and even lawyers familiar with international space regulations. After graduation, Daniel joined a startup developing lunar landing equipment, a job that ④barely existed when he first imagined his future career. His story shows how commercial space ventures have ⑤closed doors that once seemed impossibly narrow.

Sleep debt refers to the cumulative gap between the amount of sleep a person needs and the amount they actually get. (A) Unlike a financial debt, however, this deficit cannot simply be repaid with a single long weekend of rest. (B) When someone loses two hours of sleep every night for a week, the body does not treat the shortage as fourteen separate small losses; instead, it accumulates the deficit, and the resulting impairment in attention and mood can resemble that of a person who has been awake for an entire night. (C) Researchers have found that even modest, chronic sleep restriction gradually impairs reaction time and decision-making, often without the affected person noticing the decline. This is because subjective feelings of tiredness tend to plateau after a few days, even as objective performance keeps deteriorating. Consequently, people frequently underestimate how much sleep debt they are carrying until a demanding task suddenly exposes the accumulated cost.

When the body fights off an infection, the immune system relies heavily on adequate sleep to function effectively. (A) Rather than being a passive state in which the body simply rests, sleep functions as an active period during which the immune system repairs itself and prepares for future threats, which is why doctors often recommend extra sleep when someone is fighting an illness. (B) Chronic sleep deprivation also appears to promote low-grade inflammation throughout the body, a state that has been linked to a higher risk of heart disease and other chronic conditions. (C) During deep sleep, the body produces and releases cytokines, proteins that help regulate immune responses, and people who consistently sleep fewer than six hours a night show measurably weaker antibody responses after vaccination.

Generation Z is reshaping consumer culture in ways that surprise many traditional marketers. (A) As a result, brands that rely solely on flashy advertising campaigns often struggle to win their loyalty. (B) They tend to research thoroughly before buying and expect companies to demonstrate genuine values, not just attractive slogans. (C) Instead, this generation responds more strongly to transparency and honest communication from the brands they support.

Climate change is not only a scientific and political issue but also an emotional one for many people today. (A) Teenagers and young adults tend to feel it most intensely, since they expect to live through many more decades of a changing climate than older generations do. (B) This emotional dimension, known as eco-anxiety, refers to persistent worry, grief, or fear that stems from awareness of climate change and its future consequences. (C) Fortunately, channeling this anxiety into constructive action, such as joining community environmental projects, can help restore a sense of control rather than deepen despair.

Researchers have found that athletes who follow a consistent routine tend to show more stable performance under pressure than those who approach each attempt differently. Elite athletes rarely walk up to a free throw line or a golf ball without first performing a highly specific sequence of movements, a habit sports psychologists call a pre-performance routine. ( ① ) Far from being mere superstition, this consistent sequence, whether it involves bouncing a basketball a fixed number of times or taking a particular number of practice swings, serves a genuine cognitive purpose. ( ② ) Repeating the same physical and mental steps before every attempt narrows an athlete's focus away from distracting thoughts about outcome or crowd noise and toward the specific technical cues needed to execute the skill correctly. ( ③ ) The routine essentially functions as a trigger, cuing the body to shift automatically into a familiar, well-rehearsed state. ( ④ ) For this reason, coaches now actively teach young athletes to develop and rehearse individualized routines rather than treating them as personal quirks. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: This practice, sometimes described as superficial reporting, allows a company to appear responsible without actually reducing its environmental harm. ESG management refers to a company's efforts to consider Environmental, Social, and Governance factors alongside profit when making business decisions. ( ① ) Investors increasingly rely on ESG ratings to judge whether a company is managed responsibly and sustainably over the long term. ( ② ) Recently, however, many corporations have learned to boost their ESG scores without genuinely transforming their operations. ( ③ ) Some firms publish glossy reports filled with impressive statistics while their actual carbon emissions barely decline, exploiting the fact that ESG evaluation systems still lack consistent global standards. ( ④ ) This gap between appearance and substance has led critics to demand stricter, more transparent criteria for measuring corporate responsibility. ( ⑤ ) Genuine ESG management, in contrast, requires measurable targets, independent audits, and long-term accountability rather than one-time donations or attractive slogans. Investors who wish to identify truly responsible companies should therefore examine detailed disclosures instead of trusting labels alone.