영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Scientists have identified certain gene variants that ① appear more frequently among elite endurance athletes than among the general population, along with a separate set that seems to favor explosive, power-based sports such as sprinting. One frequently studied variant, for instance, ② influences the proportion of slow-twitch versus fast-twitch muscle fibers a person naturally develops, a ratio that shapes whether a body leans toward endurance or explosive power. However, researchers caution strongly against ③ interpreting these findings as evidence that athletic greatness is simply inherited. Even athletes who carry every favorable variant identified so far still require years of disciplined training ④ to translate that genetic potential into actual performance, and many elite competitors lack some of these supposedly advantageous variants altogether. Genetics may set a rough ceiling on an individual's ultimate potential, but where any particular athlete lands within that range ⑤ depend overwhelmingly on training quality, nutrition, coaching, and sheer determination.

Exercise does far more than strengthen muscles and the heart; it also produces measurable changes within the brain itself. During sustained physical activity, the body ① releases a protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which supports the growth of new neurons and ② strengthens connections between existing ones, particularly in regions associated with memory and learning. Studies comparing physically active students to sedentary peers have repeatedly found that the active group ③ performing better on tests of attention and problem-solving, even when the exercise session ends well before the test begins. Researchers believe that exercise increases blood flow to the brain, ④ delivering oxygen and nutrients more efficiently, while also reducing levels of stress hormones that can interfere with clear thinking. These findings have encouraged some schools ⑤ to schedule exercise before demanding academic classes.

Aerobic exercise, such as jogging, swimming, or cycling at a steady pace, strengthens the heart by forcing it to pump ① larger volumes of blood with each beat. Over weeks of consistent training, the heart gradually enlarges and becomes more efficient, meaning it can deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles while beating ② fewer times per minute. This adaptation explains why trained athletes often have a much ③ lower resting heart rate than sedentary individuals of the same age. Beyond the heart itself, aerobic activity encourages the body to build new capillaries within muscle tissue, ④ worsening the delivery of oxygen and nutrients at a cellular level. Researchers have also found that regular aerobic exercise ⑤ reduces inflammation throughout the body and improves the way cells respond to insulin.

Many teenagers check their social media accounts dozens of times a day, worried that they might miss something ①important happening among their friends. This anxiety, known as FOMO, or the fear of missing out, arises when people believe that others are enjoying experiences from which they themselves are excluded. For example, a student scrolling through photos of a party she was not invited to may suddenly feel a wave of ②loneliness and regret, even though the event has already ended. Constantly refreshing feeds to avoid missing such updates, however, makes it difficult to concentrate on schoolwork or conversations happening in the present moment. Moreover, this endless comparison with curated highlights of other people's lives tends to ③deepen feelings of anxiety rather than ④worsen them. Therefore, students should learn to ⑤limit their social media use and focus more attention on the relationships and activities directly in front of them.

Elite athletes rarely walk up to a free throw line or a golf ball without first performing a highly specific sequence of movements, a habit sports psychologists call a pre-performance routine. Far from being mere superstition, this consistent sequence serves a genuine cognitive purpose. Repeating the same physical and mental steps before every attempt ① broadens an athlete's focus toward distracting thoughts about outcome or crowd noise and away from the specific technical cues needed to execute the skill correctly. Researchers have found that athletes who follow a consistent routine tend to show ② more stable performance under pressure than those who approach each attempt differently. The routine essentially functions as a trigger, cuing the body to shift ③ automatically into a familiar, well-rehearsed state. For this reason, coaches now ④ actively teach young athletes to develop and rehearse individualized routines rather than treating them as ⑤ personal quirks.

Coaches have traditionally focused athlete preparation on training volume and nutrition, but a growing body of research suggests that sleep deserves ① equal attention. During deep sleep, the body releases growth hormone, a substance essential for repairing muscle tissue damaged during intense training, while the brain ② consolidates motor skills practiced earlier that day into more stable, efficient patterns. Athletes who sleep fewer than seven hours a night have been shown to suffer ③ more injuries, slower reaction times, and reduced accuracy compared to well-rested peers performing the identical drills. Frequent travel across time zones ④ simplifies this challenge considerably, since jet lag can disrupt an athlete's natural sleep-wake cycle for several days after a long flight, sometimes right before an important competition. In response, many professional teams now employ sleep specialists who design travel schedules, control bedroom lighting and temperature, treating sleep as an ⑤ active and measurable component of overall athletic training.

Many people feel a sudden wave of anxiety when their smartphone battery is nearly dead or they have left it at home. This intense discomfort, known as nomophobia, is short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," a term describing the fear of losing connection to one's phone. Nomophobia involves physical symptoms, including a racing heart, sweating, and restlessness, whenever a person cannot check messages or social media. Researchers explain that this fear develops because smartphones have become tightly linked to social belonging; missing a notification can feel like being cut off from friends. For example, some students check their phones dozens of times an hour, even during class, just to confirm nothing important has been missed. Therefore, experts suggest gradually reducing phone checks to weaken this anxious dependence. ___________.

The two-minute rule offers a simple but powerful strategy for anyone who struggles to begin a new habit. (A) Once the habit of showing up regularly is established, the duration or intensity of the activity can gradually increase without much resistance. (B) The idea behind this rule is that most people quit a new habit not because the activity itself is difficult, but because starting feels intimidating. (C) By reducing a habit to something as simple as reading one page or doing one push-up, the initial hesitation to begin nearly disappears.

Personalized advertising has sparked an ongoing debate between technology companies and privacy advocates. (A) Privacy advocates, on the other hand, warn that constant tracking erodes users' control over their own personal information. (B) Technology companies argue that analyzing user data allows them to deliver advertisements that consumers actually find useful. (C) Given these opposing views, many experts call for clearer regulations that balance innovation with individual rights.

주어진 문장: For patients in isolated regions, this convenience can mean the difference between receiving care and going without it. Telemedicine, which allows patients to consult doctors through video calls rather than in-person visits, has expanded rapidly since its early adoption. ( ① ) Supporters argue that this approach saves patients considerable time and makes healthcare accessible to people living in remote areas without nearby hospitals. ( ② ) It has also created new career opportunities, since healthcare providers now need staff skilled in digital communication and remote diagnostic technology. ( ③ ) However, critics contend that virtual appointments cannot fully replace physical examinations, which remain essential for detecting certain conditions. ( ④ ) They also worry that elderly patients unfamiliar with technology may struggle to access these services effectively. ( ⑤ ) Despite such concerns, most healthcare experts believe telemedicine will continue to grow.