영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

문제 1

Anthropologist Robin Dunbar ①proposed a concept now known as Dunbar's number, suggesting that human beings can only maintain about one hundred fifty stable social relationships at any given time. This limit, he argued, comes from the size of the human brain, ②which restricts how many meaningful connections a person can cognitively manage. In contrast, many social media users today have hundreds or even thousands of online friends and followers, a number far ③exceeding what Dunbar's research predicts. However, having numerous digital contacts does not necessarily mean that all of these relationships ④are close or emotionally supportive. Most users, when asked, admit that they interact regularly with only a small fraction of their total followers, while the rest remain ⑤largely unnoticing.

문제 2

Caffeine is the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, ① prizing for its ability to sharpen focus and fight off fatigue within minutes of consumption. It works by blocking adenosine, a chemical that gradually builds up in the brain throughout the day and ② makes us feel increasingly sleepy the longer we stay awake. By occupying the receptors that adenosine would normally bind to, caffeine tricks the brain into ③ feeling alert even when the body has accumulated significant sleep pressure. The effects, however, last far longer than most people realize. Because caffeine can remain active in the bloodstream for five to six hours, a cup of coffee ④ consumed in the late afternoon may still be interfering with the ability to fall asleep at midnight. Even when people do not consciously notice difficulty falling asleep, caffeine has been shown ⑤ to reduce the amount of deep, restorative sleep obtained later in the night.

문제 3

To ①compensate for their carbon emissions, many individuals and companies now purchase carbon offsets, financial credits that fund projects such as planting trees or building renewable energy plants. The idea is ②unappealing: paying for an equivalent amount of carbon to be absorbed elsewhere should cancel out the harm caused by activities like flying. However, critics argue that this system often functions as a convenient excuse for postponing ③genuine emission cuts rather than achieving them. For example, a newly planted forest may take decades to absorb the promised carbon, and it could later burn down or be cut, erasing any benefit. Moreover, some offset projects would have happened anyway, meaning the credits fund nothing truly ④additional. Experts insist that offsetting should complement, not replace, direct reductions in fossil fuel use if the strategy is to remain ⑤credible.

문제 4

Ambitious young athletes and the parents who support them sometimes assume that more training automatically produces ① better results, a belief that occasionally leads to a condition known as overtraining syndrome. Unlike ordinary fatigue that resolves after a few days of rest, overtraining syndrome develops ② rapidly within a single day of insufficient recovery, eventually producing persistent exhaustion, declining performance despite continued hard work, and increased susceptibility to illness and injury. Adolescents may be especially vulnerable, since their bodies are simultaneously coping with the physical demands of growth and the added stress of intensive training schedules. Warning signs are often ③ subtle at first, including disrupted sleep, irritability, and a loss of enthusiasm for a sport the athlete once genuinely enjoyed. Recovery from full-blown overtraining syndrome can take ④ months rather than days, which is why sports medicine specialists now emphasize monitoring early warning signs and scheduling rest before symptoms ⑤ worsen.

문제 5

Turning on automatic captions used to mean settling for garbled text full of obvious errors, but recent speech-recognition models have made same-language captions ① accurate enough that many viewers now leave them on by default, even when watching content in their native language. The technology listens to audio, breaks it into individual sounds, and matches those sounds against a massive library of words and phrases to predict what was actually said. For viewers who are deaf or hard of hearing, this improvement has quietly ② transformed everyday access to video content that once required a human transcriber and a considerable amount of time to caption properly. The system still ③ excels at overlapping speakers, strong accents, and specialized vocabulary such as medical or technical terms, occasionally producing captions that are unintentionally funny. Even with these ④ flaws, most users agree that imperfect captions are far more ⑤ useful than no captions at all.

문제 6

Sleep is not a single, uniform state but a cycle that alternates between two very different modes: REM (rapid eye movement) sleep and non-REM sleep. During non-REM sleep, especially its deepest stage, the brain waves ① slow down dramatically, the body temperature drops, and tissue repair and growth hormone release reach their peak. This is the period most closely associated with physical ② restoration. REM sleep, by contrast, brings rapid eye movements, near-total muscle paralysis, and brain activity that closely resembles wakefulness. Most vivid dreaming occurs during this stage, and researchers believe it plays a central role in ③ ignoring memories and processing emotional experiences. A healthy night typically cycles through both stages four or five times, with non-REM dominating the early hours and REM periods ④ lengthening toward morning. Disrupting either stage, through frequent awakenings or alcohol use, can leave a person feeling ⑤ unrested even after a full night in bed.

문제 7

Highlighting an awkward sentence and instantly seeing three smoother alternatives has become a routine part of writing for many students, thanks to AI writing assistants built into word processors and browsers. (A) Concerns grow, however, around the tone and phrasing suggestions, which can gradually nudge every student's writing toward a similar, polished style. (B) Teachers generally welcome the grammar and spelling support, since it frees up class time to focus on argument and structure rather than comma placement. (C) These tools check grammar and spelling, of course, but the more advanced versions go further, suggesting clearer phrasing, flagging repetitive words, and even adjusting tone depending on the purpose.

문제 8

Sleep hygiene refers to a set of simple daily habits that help the body prepare for consistent, restorative rest. (A) They also advise reserving the bedroom for sleep alone, since using the bed to study, scroll through a phone, or watch videos teaches the brain to associate that space with wakeful activity rather than rest. (B) Physical environment matters as well: a cool, dark, and quiet room tends to produce deeper sleep than one that is warm, bright, or noisy. None of these individual habits guarantees a good night's sleep on its own, but together they form a routine that gradually trains the body to expect and enter sleep more easily, much the way a consistent set of cues trains an athlete's body to perform at a certain time each day. (C) Experts commonly recommend going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, even on weekends, because an irregular schedule confuses the body's internal clock and makes it harder to fall asleep on demand.

문제 9

After an especially demanding training session, the instinct to collapse onto a couch and remain motionless is understandable, yet exercise physiologists increasingly recommend the opposite approach. (A) This gentle activity keeps blood circulating through tired muscles, which appears to help clear metabolic byproducts more efficiently than complete stillness does. (B) Some athletes worry that any movement at all will interfere with the repair process, but research suggests that truly light activity does not meaningfully slow healing. (C) Active recovery involves performing low-intensity movement, such as a light jog, an easy swim, or a gentle bike ride, on days following intense exertion rather than resting completely.

문제 10

Musicians, meanwhile, have mixed feelings about this shift in how audiences discover new music. Open a music streaming app on any given morning, and a personalized playlist is usually already waiting, assembled overnight from songs the algorithm predicts will match a listener's current mood. ( ① ) This prediction relies on far more than genre alone; the system studies skip rates, replay counts, and even the time of day a song is typically played to build a remarkably detailed profile of individual taste. ( ② ) Listeners often praise the feature for introducing them to artists they never would have searched for on their own, effectively acting as a tireless music scout working around the clock. ( ③ ) A song that the algorithm decides not to promote may struggle to reach listeners no matter how well it was written. ( ④ ) This means that an artist's success can depend as much on pleasing an algorithm as on pleasing an actual audience. ( ⑤ )