영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

문제 1

Feed an AI music program a mood, a tempo, and a rough genre, and within seconds it can generate a complete instrumental track, ① ready to be dropped under a video or used as background music for a small business. The software has studied thousands of existing songs, ② learning which chord progressions and rhythms tend to sound pleasant together, and it recombines these patterns into something new rather than ③ copying any single source directly. For independent creators who cannot afford a composer or expensive licensing fees, this has been a genuine breakthrough. Professional musicians, however, remain divided. Some welcome the tool as a quick way to sketch ideas before ④ refine them by hand, while others worry that a flood of AI-generated background music could quietly push human composers out of smaller, lower-budget projects, the very jobs many musicians once ⑤ relied on to build a career.

문제 2

Sleep debt refers to the cumulative gap between the amount of sleep a person needs and the amount they actually get. Unlike a financial debt, however, this deficit cannot simply ① be repaid with a single long weekend of rest. When someone loses two hours of sleep every night for a week, the body does not treat the shortage as fourteen separate small losses; instead, it accumulates the deficit, and the resulting impairment in attention and mood can resemble that of a person ② who has been awake for an entire night. Researchers have found that even modest, chronic sleep restriction gradually impairs reaction time and decision-making, often without the affected person ③ noticing the decline. This is because subjective feelings of tiredness tend to plateau after a few days, even as objective performance keeps ④ deteriorate. Consequently, people frequently underestimate how much sleep debt they are carrying until a demanding task suddenly ⑤ exposes the accumulated cost.

문제 3

Across the world, teenagers are chronically short on sleep, often getting two or three hours less than the eight to ten hours experts recommend for their age. Part of the problem lies in biology: as puberty begins, the body's internal clock naturally shifts later, ① making it difficult for teenagers to fall asleep before eleven at night. Yet school start times rarely adjust to this shift, ② forcing students to wake before their bodies are ready. The consequences extend well beyond simple tiredness. Chronic sleep loss during adolescence has been linked to impaired concentration, weakened memory, and a higher risk of anxiety and depression. It can also disrupt the hormones ③ that regulating appetite, contributing to unhealthy weight gain over time. Some school districts have experimented with ④ delaying start times by even thirty minutes, and early results suggest that students who gain that extra rest show improved grades, better mood, and fewer tardy arrivals. Despite this evidence, changing entrenched school schedules ⑤ remains a slow and contentious process.

문제 4

Caffeine is the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, prized for its ability to ① sharpen focus and fight off fatigue within minutes of consumption. It works by blocking adenosine, a chemical that gradually builds up in the brain throughout the day and makes us feel ② decreasingly sleepy the longer we stay awake. By occupying the receptors that adenosine would normally bind to, caffeine tricks the brain into feeling alert even when the body has accumulated significant sleep pressure. The effects, however, last far longer than most people realize. Because caffeine can remain active in the bloodstream for five to six hours, a cup of coffee consumed in the late afternoon may still be ③ interfering with the ability to fall asleep at midnight. Even when people do not consciously notice difficulty falling asleep, caffeine has been shown to ④ reduce the amount of deep, restorative sleep obtained later in the night. For this reason, many sleep specialists advise ⑤ avoiding caffeine after early afternoon.

문제 5

Rather than replacing human creativity outright, many artists, writers, and filmmakers have begun treating AI tools as an unusual kind of collaborator, one that generates dozens of rough options in the time it would take a person to sketch just one. (A) A film composer might similarly use an AI system to generate a rough melody, then rework it entirely by hand until it fits the emotional tone of a specific scene. (B) A novelist might ask an AI model for ten possible opening lines and then discard nine, keeping only the phrase that sparks an idea worth developing further. (C) What makes this collaboration work, according to many creators, is that the human remains firmly in charge of judgment and taste, using the AI's output as raw material rather than a finished product.

문제 6

After a strenuous workout, muscle fibers experience thousands of microscopic tears, and the body immediately begins a repair process that depends heavily on amino acids, the building blocks that protein supplies. (A) Waiting too long to eat, however, can slow this recovery, since a muscle's sensitivity to amino acids gradually declines once that window closes. (B) Even so, eating an enormous quantity of protein in a single sitting will not speed things up any further, because the body can only use a limited amount at once, burning or storing the rest. (C) This is precisely why sports scientists recommend consuming protein within a couple of hours after a workout, while the muscle is still especially receptive to it.

문제 7

Aerobic exercise, such as jogging, swimming, or cycling at a steady pace, produces a wide range of benefits that extend well beyond simple calorie burning. (A) This adaptation explains why trained athletes often have a much lower resting heart rate than sedentary individuals of the same age. (B) Over weeks of consistent training, the heart gradually enlarges and becomes more efficient, delivering the same amount of oxygen to working muscles while beating fewer times per minute. (C) Most fundamentally, it strengthens the heart itself, forcing it to pump larger volumes of blood with each beat.

문제 8

These physiological adjustments, though subtle, translate into a noticeable difference once competition actually begins. Skipping a proper warm-up before intense exercise might seem like a harmless way to save a few minutes, but the practice carries real physiological costs. ( ① ) A cold muscle is stiffer and less elastic than a warm one, making it considerably more prone to strains and tears when suddenly asked to contract forcefully. ( ② ) Gradually raising body temperature through light activity increases blood flow to the muscles, allowing oxygen to reach tissue more efficiently and enabling nerve signals to travel faster between the brain and the muscle fibers. A proper warm-up also raises heart rate gradually, easing the cardiovascular system into strenuous work rather than shocking it with a sudden demand. ( ③ ) Athletes who warm up thoroughly tend to report better performance in the early minutes of competition, since their bodies are already primed rather than adjusting on the fly. ( ④ ) For this reason, coaches treat warm-up routines not as optional preparation but as an essential part of training itself. ( ⑤ )

문제 9

Even a modest weight gain caused by these hormonal shifts can, over time, make the body's cells even less sensitive to insulin, creating a cycle that is hard to break. When people consistently sleep too little, the body's hormonal balance shifts in ways that can quietly encourage weight gain. ( ① ) Two hormones in particular play opposing roles in regulating appetite: leptin signals fullness to the brain, while ghrelin stimulates the sensation of hunger. ( ② ) Studies show that sleep deprivation lowers leptin levels while raising ghrelin levels, so a tired body ends up feeling hungrier than it actually needs to be, even after a normal-sized meal. ( ③ ) At the same time, insufficient sleep interferes with how efficiently the body processes glucose, making cells less responsive to insulin and leaving more sugar circulating in the bloodstream than usual. ( ④ ) Over months or years, this combination of increased appetite and reduced insulin sensitivity can contribute to steady weight gain and raise the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. ( ⑤ ) Because these effects build up so gradually, many people never connect their shifting eating habits or worsening blood sugar to something as ordinary as a few lost hours of sleep each night.

문제 10

This is precisely what makes the condition so difficult to catch before it becomes severe. Ambitious young athletes and the parents who support them sometimes assume that more training automatically produces better results, a belief that occasionally leads to a condition known as overtraining syndrome. ( ① ) Unlike ordinary fatigue that resolves after a few days of rest, overtraining syndrome develops gradually over weeks or months of insufficient recovery relative to training load, eventually producing persistent exhaustion, declining performance despite continued hard work, and increased susceptibility to illness and injury. ( ② ) Adolescents may be especially vulnerable, since their bodies are simultaneously coping with the physical demands of growth and the added stress of intensive training schedules. ( ③ ) Warning signs are often subtle at first, including disrupted sleep, irritability, and a loss of enthusiasm for a sport the athlete once genuinely enjoyed, which adults often mistake for ordinary moodiness. ( ④ ) Recovery from full-blown overtraining syndrome can take months rather than days. ( ⑤ )