영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Many teenagers check their social media accounts dozens of times a day, worried that they might miss something important happening among their friends. This anxiety, known as FOMO, or the fear of missing out, ①arises when people believe that others are enjoying experiences from which they themselves are excluded. For example, a student ②scrolling through photos of a party she was not invited to may suddenly feel a wave of loneliness and regret, even though the event has already ended. Constantly ③refreshed feeds to avoid missing such updates, however, makes it difficult to concentrate on schoolwork or conversations happening in the present moment. Moreover, this endless comparison with curated highlights of other people's lives tends to ④deepen feelings of anxiety rather than relieve them. Therefore, students should learn ⑤to limit their social media use and focus more attention on the relationships and activities directly in front of them.

For decades, athletes were taught to stretch a muscle and hold the position before any competition, believing that this practice alone would ① prevent injury. Recent research, however, has complicated that assumption considerably. Static stretching, in which a muscle is held at its longest length for an extended period, can actually ② reduce the muscle's ability to generate explosive force immediately afterward, which is troubling for sprinters or jumpers who need maximum power right away. Dynamic stretching, which involves controlled, repeated movement through a joint's full range of motion, appears to ③ prepare muscles for activity without this temporary weakening effect. As a result, many coaches now recommend ④ saving static stretching for after a workout, when it may help restore muscle length and reduce soreness, while reserving dynamic movements for the warm-up period before intense effort begins. The right technique, in other words, depends heavily on ⑤ chance.

Even a modest level of dehydration, as little as two percent of body weight lost through sweat, can measurably ① increase an athlete's endurance and cognitive sharpness during competition. As fluid levels drop, blood volume decreases, forcing the heart to work harder to deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles, which ② accelerates fatigue. Dehydration also impairs the body's ability to regulate its own temperature, since sweating is the primary mechanism for releasing excess heat during intense exercise. Athletes competing in hot, humid conditions face a particularly ③ difficult balance, because sweating heavily to stay cool simultaneously depletes the very fluids needed to sustain performance. Simply drinking large amounts of plain water is not always sufficient, however, since heavy sweating also flushes out sodium and other electrolytes ④ essential for proper muscle function. For this reason, sports scientists generally recommend a hydration strategy that replaces both fluid and electrolytes, ⑤ tailored to an individual athlete's sweat rate and the specific conditions of the event.

Sleep is not a single, uniform state but a cycle that alternates between two very different modes: REM (rapid eye movement) sleep and non-REM sleep. During non-REM sleep, especially its deepest stage, the brain waves slow down dramatically, the body temperature drops, and tissue repair and growth hormone release reach their peak. This is the period most closely associated with physical restoration. REM sleep, by contrast, brings rapid eye movements, near-total muscle paralysis, and brain activity that closely resembles wakefulness. Most vivid dreaming occurs during this stage, and researchers believe _______________. A healthy night typically cycles through both stages four or five times, with non-REM dominating the early hours and REM periods lengthening toward morning. Disrupting either stage, through frequent awakenings or alcohol use, can leave a person feeling unrested even after a full night in bed.

A short nap taken in the early afternoon, often called a power nap, can noticeably sharpen attention and mood without leaving a person groggy afterward. The key lies in timing: naps limited to roughly twenty minutes allow the brain to pass through the lightest stages of sleep while avoiding the deeper stages associated with slow-wave activity. If a nap extends much beyond that window, _______________. Laboratory studies comparing napping and non-napping groups have repeatedly shown that a brief nap improves reaction time and short-term memory almost as effectively as a full night of extra rest. Interestingly, the benefit appears strongest when the nap occurs several hours after waking, since this is when the body's natural dip in alertness makes rest most effective. For this reason, many workplaces now designate quiet rooms where employees can recharge briefly during the day.

Elite athletes rarely walk up to a free throw line or a golf ball without first performing a highly specific sequence of movements, a habit sports psychologists call a pre-performance routine. (A) Researchers have found that athletes who follow a consistent routine tend to show more stable performance under pressure than those who approach each attempt differently. (B) Far from being mere superstition, this consistent sequence serves a genuine cognitive purpose, narrowing an athlete's focus away from distracting thoughts and toward the specific technical cues needed to execute the skill correctly. (C) For this reason, coaches now actively teach young athletes to develop and rehearse individualized routines rather than treating them as personal quirks.

During sleep, the brain does not simply rest; it actively reorganizes the day's experiences into lasting memories through a process called consolidation. (A) Sleep researchers have demonstrated this effect experimentally: participants who slept after learning a list of word pairs recalled more items the next day than participants who remained awake instead. Crucially, the benefit was not limited to simple recall; sleep also seemed to help participants extract general patterns from the material, suggesting that consolidation involves more than passive storage. (B) Newly formed memories are initially fragile and stored primarily in a brain region called the hippocampus, which has limited long-term capacity. (C) While a person sleeps, particularly during the deep stages of non-REM sleep, neural activity replays these fresh memory traces in rapid, compressed sequences, gradually transferring the information to the cortex for more durable, long-term storage. This replay strengthens the connections between neurons that encoded the original experience, making the memory more resistant to interference from unrelated events the following day.

This built-in schedule does not simply respond to the clock on the wall; it is shaped directly by light itself. Every cell in the human body follows an internal timer known as the circadian rhythm, a roughly twenty-four-hour cycle that governs when we feel alert and when we feel drowsy. ( ① ) This clock is regulated primarily by a tiny cluster of neurons in the brain that responds to light entering through the eyes. ( ② ) When morning sunlight strikes the retina, the cluster signals the body to suppress sleep hormones and raise body temperature, preparing us for activity. ( ③ ) As evening approaches and light fades, the same mechanism triggers the release of melatonin, a hormone that promotes drowsiness. ( ④ ) Because this rhythm evolved around the natural cycle of day and night, modern habits such as staying indoors under artificial light or working night shifts can push the internal clock out of sync with the external environment. ( ⑤ ) Such misalignment does not simply cause tiredness; it has also been associated with digestive problems and reduced concentration, suggesting that timing matters as much as total sleep hours.

주어진 문장: This spreading of feelings was traditionally assumed to require physical cues like facial expressions or vocal tone. Have you ever noticed your mood shifting after scrolling through a friend's gloomy post online? ( ① ) This phenomenon, known as emotional contagion, refers to the tendency of one person's feelings to spread to others nearby, almost like a cold passing between classmates. ( ② ) Psychologists once studied this effect mainly through face-to-face interactions, such as tone of voice. ( ③ ) However, researchers have discovered that emotional contagion also occurs online, where only text or images are exchanged, without any physical presence at all. ( ④ ) For instance, when someone posts a negative comment beneath a cheerful photo, the comments that follow often turn noticeably more negative in tone. In contrast, a single kind comment can shift an entire thread toward positivity within minutes. ( ⑤ ) This suggests that emotions online spread through carefully chosen words alone. Consequently, many experts now argue that being mindful of what we post matters more than we typically assume.

In short, an effective fueling plan treats carbohydrate loading as one tool among many, not a substitute for well-rounded nutrition. In the days leading up to an endurance event, many athletes deliberately increase their carbohydrate intake while reducing training volume, a practice known as carbohydrate loading. ( ① ) The strategy is designed to maximize the amount of glycogen, the storage form of carbohydrate, packed into muscle tissue before competition begins. ( ② ) Because glycogen serves as the primary fuel source during prolonged, intense exercise, entering an event with fuller stores can delay the point of exhaustion that runners often call hitting the wall. ( ③ ) Sports nutritionists caution, however, that the timing and composition of meals matter as much as the total quantity of carbohydrate consumed, since eating unfamiliar foods immediately before competition can cause digestive discomfort. Athletes are therefore advised to practice their nutrition strategy during training rather than experimenting with it for the first time on race day. ( ④ ) Beyond carbohydrates, adequate protein and micronutrient intake throughout the training cycle remains essential, since fueling strategy is only one part of a much larger nutritional picture. ( ⑤ )