영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Many people believe that a new habit becomes automatic after only twenty-one days, but researchers who ①examined real behavior found a different number. This project, ②called the 66-day habit formation study, tracked volunteers who tried to adopt a new daily habit, like drinking water with lunch. Researchers measured how automatic each action felt over time and found that habits ③needing an average of sixty-six days to become effortless. Yet the actual time varied widely, ranging from about eighteen days for simple habits to over two hundred days for ④difficult ones. This wide range explains why the popular twenty-one-day claim, though easy ⑤to remember, rarely matches real experience.

The twenty-hour rule proposes that years of practice ①are not needed to become skilled at a new activity. Only about twenty hours of effort are needed to reach a useful level. Unlike theories ②claiming true mastery requires ten thousand hours, this rule targets a more modest goal. According to supporters, practicing any new skill produces the fastest visible improvement, since a beginner ③has room to grow. Someone learning guitar can typically strum simple chords and follow a basic song within twenty hours of ④daily practice. Advocates emphasize that the twenty hours must be deliberate and focused, broken into short daily sessions rather than one long stretch, and ⑤aims at fixing weaknesses rather than repeating what one already knows.

After a strenuous workout, muscle fibers experience thousands of ① microscopic tears, and the body immediately begins a repair process that ultimately makes the muscle stronger than it was before. This repair depends heavily on amino acids, the building blocks that protein supplies, which is why sports scientists recommend consuming protein within a couple of hours after training. Waiting too long to eat can ② slow recovery, since a muscle's sensitivity to amino acids gradually declines once that window closes. Many athletes assume that eating an enormous quantity of protein in a single sitting will ③ delay this process, but the body can only use a limited amount at once; the rest is simply burned for energy or stored as fat. For this reason, nutritionists generally advise spreading moderate portions of protein ④ evenly across several meals throughout the day rather than saving it all for one large post-workout ⑤ meal.

Parents and coaches sometimes worry that heavy resistance training might damage the growth plates in a young athlete's bones, cartilage regions near the ends of long bones that are ① responsible for lengthening as a child develops. This concern kept strength training out of many youth programs for decades. However, extensive research over the past twenty years has found ② little evidence that properly supervised resistance training harms growth plates in healthy children. The actual risk arises not from lifting weights itself but from ③ poor technique, excessive load, and inadequate supervision. Major pediatric and sports medicine organizations now generally agree that structured strength programs, when taught with correct form and appropriate weight, can safely ④ improve bone density, coordination, and injury resistance in young athletes. The key variable, in other words, is not whether children lift weights but how carefully that training is ⑤ ignored.

When Minji was in ninth grade, she posted a joking comment ①praising a classmate's photo, never imagining anyone would remember it later. During the interview, however, one teacher mentioned having seen an old, ②unkind comment under Minji's name while reviewing applicants' profiles. ③Startled, Minji realized that everything she had ever posted online had quietly accumulated into what is called a digital footprint. Although she ④deleted the comment immediately, the damage to her reputation had already been done. She understood that digital footprints rarely disappear completely, because screenshots and memories often ⑤outlast the content itself.

Travelers who cross several time zones in a single flight often arrive feeling exhausted, foggy, and strangely out of sync with the local clock, a condition widely known as jet lag. The discomfort arises because the body's internal clock continues to run on the schedule of the departure city even after landing. Realigning this internal clock to a new time zone is not instantaneous; researchers estimate that the body typically needs about one day to adjust for every time zone crossed. Flying eastward tends to produce more severe symptoms than flying westward, because _______________. Exposure to natural light at the right moments after arrival can help speed up the adjustment, since light is the strongest external cue the internal clock uses to reset itself.

Time blocking is a time-management technique in which a person divides the day into fixed blocks. ___________. Instead of relying on a loose to-do list, the person decides exactly when each task will start and end. This approach lowers the mental effort of deciding what to do next, since the schedule already provides the answer. It also limits multitasking, because each block is reserved for only one activity at a time. For instance, a student may block ninety minutes for math practice, leaving no room for messages or web browsing. Another student may reserve an evening block solely for vocabulary review, treating that time like a fixed appointment. Because each block has a clear boundary, unfinished work is less likely to quietly spread into the next task. Many people who adopt time blocking feel more organized throughout the day.

People rarely realize how many different roles they play throughout an ordinary day. (A) A single online post, however, reaches all of these audiences simultaneously, blending roles that were once kept apart. (B) They might act formally with a manager, casually with old friends, and gently with a younger sibling, switching tones without much thought. (C) This blending, known as context collapse, can leave posters uncertain about which version of themselves to display.

Sleep debt refers to the cumulative gap between the amount of sleep a person needs and the amount they actually get. (A) Unlike a financial debt, however, this deficit cannot simply be repaid with a single long weekend of rest. (B) When someone loses two hours of sleep every night for a week, the body does not treat the shortage as fourteen separate small losses; instead, it accumulates the deficit, and the resulting impairment in attention and mood can resemble that of a person who has been awake for an entire night. (C) Researchers have found that even modest, chronic sleep restriction gradually impairs reaction time and decision-making, often without the affected person noticing the decline. This is because subjective feelings of tiredness tend to plateau after a few days, even as objective performance keeps deteriorating. Consequently, people frequently underestimate how much sleep debt they are carrying until a demanding task suddenly exposes the accumulated cost.

This is precisely what makes the condition so difficult to catch before it becomes severe. Ambitious young athletes and the parents who support them sometimes assume that more training automatically produces better results, a belief that occasionally leads to a condition known as overtraining syndrome. ( ① ) Unlike ordinary fatigue that resolves after a few days of rest, overtraining syndrome develops gradually over weeks or months of insufficient recovery relative to training load, eventually producing persistent exhaustion, declining performance despite continued hard work, and increased susceptibility to illness and injury. ( ② ) Adolescents may be especially vulnerable, since their bodies are simultaneously coping with the physical demands of growth and the added stress of intensive training schedules. ( ③ ) Warning signs are often subtle at first, including disrupted sleep, irritability, and a loss of enthusiasm for a sport the athlete once genuinely enjoyed, which adults often mistake for ordinary moodiness. ( ④ ) Recovery from full-blown overtraining syndrome can take months rather than days. ( ⑤ )