영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

The framing effect ①<u>describe</u> how people respond differently to the same information depending on how it is presented, even when the underlying facts remain unchanged. When news outlets describe climate change primarily as a looming crisis, ②<u>filled with</u> images of disasters and warnings of irreversible damage, audiences often react with fear or, paradoxically, with hopeless resignation. In contrast, when the same issue is framed as an opportunity, ③<u>emphasizing</u> innovative technologies and emerging green jobs, readers tend to feel more motivated to act and support policy change. Neither framing alone tells the complete story, since climate change genuinely involves both serious risks and promising solutions. Therefore, journalists who rely too heavily on either extreme risk ④<u>distorting</u> public understanding and discouraging meaningful engagement. A balanced approach, ⑤<u>which honestly presents</u> dangers while highlighting realistic paths forward, is far more likely to sustain long-term public attention and inspire lasting action.

A short nap taken in the early afternoon, often called a power nap, can noticeably sharpen attention and mood without ① leaving a person groggy afterward. The key lies in timing: naps limited to roughly twenty minutes allow the brain ② to pass through the lightest stages of sleep while avoiding the deeper stages associated with slow-wave activity. If a nap extends much beyond that window, the sleeper risks ③ waking during deep sleep, which produces a foggy, disoriented feeling known as sleep inertia that can persist for thirty minutes or more. Laboratory studies ④ comparing napping and non-napping groups have repeatedly shown that a brief nap improves reaction time and short-term memory almost as effectively as a full night of extra rest. Interestingly, the benefit appears strongest when the nap occurs several hours after waking, since this is when the body's natural dip in alertness makes rest most ⑤ effectively.

Aerobic exercise, such as jogging, swimming, or cycling at a steady pace, ① strengthens the heart by forcing it to pump larger volumes of blood with each beat. Over weeks of consistent training, the heart gradually enlarges and becomes more efficient, meaning it can deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles while ② beating fewer times per minute. This adaptation explains why trained athletes often have a much lower resting heart rate than sedentary individuals of the same age. Beyond the heart itself, aerobic activity encourages the body ③ building new capillaries within muscle tissue, improving the delivery of oxygen and nutrients at a cellular level. Researchers have also found that regular aerobic exercise ④ reduces inflammation throughout the body and improves the way cells respond to insulin. Because these benefits accumulate gradually rather than appearing overnight, most exercise physiologists recommend ⑤ maintaining a consistent routine for at least several months before expecting dramatic improvements in endurance.

Behavioral economists use the term status quo bias to describe a tendency to prefer the ①**present** situation over a new alternative, even when the alternative would bring greater benefits. This bias helps explain why many households ②**rush** to switch to renewable energy, such as installing solar panels on their roofs. Although solar panels can lower electricity bills over time, homeowners often stick with their current power source because it feels ③**safe** and requires no immediate effort. In contrast, switching demands research, upfront cost, and trust in unfamiliar technology, all of which can seem ④**risky** compared with doing nothing. For example, a neighborhood association might repeatedly ⑤**postpone** a vote on shared solar panels, not because the plan is flawed, but because members are reluctant to leave their routine. Therefore, boosting renewable adoption may depend less on proving its advantages and more on designing programs that make the first step feel easy.

Influencer marketing has become one of the most powerful tools that companies use to reach young consumers. Unlike traditional advertisements, which often feel distant and impersonal, posts created by influencers seem more like advice from a trusted friend. This sense of closeness, built through years of sharing daily life online, makes followers more willing to trust product recommendations than ordinary commercials. For example, a skincare brand promoted by a popular lifestyle influencer can sell out within hours simply because her audience believes her opinions are honest. However, this trust can be exploited when influencers promote products they have never actually tried. As a result, several countries now require influencers to clearly disclose paid partnerships before posting sponsored content. Consumers are becoming more cautious, checking whether reviews are sponsored before making a purchase. In the end, influencer marketing ___________.

Imagine two factories making the same product: one in a country with strict carbon rules, and one in a country with almost none. The factory facing stricter rules often spends more, which can make its goods pricier than those made elsewhere. To fix this imbalance, some governments have introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism, a policy charging imported goods a fee based on how much carbon was released while producing them. Supporters argue that the system _______________. However, critics claim it unfairly burdens developing countries, which often lack money to modernize factories quickly. For example, a small exporter in a poorer nation might struggle to pay the added charge, though it contributes little to global emissions. Still, if wealthier nations pair the policy with technical support, it could become a genuinely fair tool for cutting emissions worldwide.

Every day, email providers quietly block billions of unwanted messages before they ever reach a user's inbox. The filter examines each incoming message for suspicious patterns, including certain keywords, unusual sender addresses, and formatting tricks. What makes the system effective is that it keeps learning after launch: whenever a user marks a message as spam, that action becomes new training data, sharpening the filter's future decisions. This creates a constant back-and-forth, since spammers study which messages get blocked and then adjust their wording to slip through again. As a result, _______________.

Jian wanted to become a reader for years, but every time he picked up a thick novel, he felt overwhelmed and quickly closed it. His cousin, who had read dozens of books that year, told him about something called the two-minute rule. This rule states that a new habit should be shrunk to under two minutes, since a smaller starting point ___________. Instead of committing to a full chapter each night, Jian promised himself only to open a book and read one page.

Even a modest level of dehydration, as little as two percent of body weight lost through sweat, can measurably reduce an athlete's endurance and cognitive sharpness during competition. (A) Dehydration also impairs the body's ability to regulate its own temperature, since sweating is the primary mechanism for releasing excess heat during intense exercise. (B) As fluid levels drop, blood volume decreases, forcing the heart to work harder to deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles, which accelerates fatigue. (C) Athletes competing in hot, humid conditions therefore face a particularly difficult balance, since sweating heavily to stay cool simultaneously depletes the very fluids needed to sustain performance.

주어진 문장: This practice, sometimes described as superficial reporting, allows a company to appear responsible without actually reducing its environmental harm. ESG management refers to a company's efforts to consider Environmental, Social, and Governance factors alongside profit when making business decisions. ( ① ) Investors increasingly rely on ESG ratings to judge whether a company is managed responsibly and sustainably over the long term. ( ② ) Recently, however, many corporations have learned to boost their ESG scores without genuinely transforming their operations. ( ③ ) Some firms publish glossy reports filled with impressive statistics while their actual carbon emissions barely decline, exploiting the fact that ESG evaluation systems still lack consistent global standards. ( ④ ) This gap between appearance and substance has led critics to demand stricter, more transparent criteria for measuring corporate responsibility. ( ⑤ ) Genuine ESG management, in contrast, requires measurable targets, independent audits, and long-term accountability rather than one-time donations or attractive slogans. Investors who wish to identify truly responsible companies should therefore examine detailed disclosures instead of trusting labels alone.