영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Before making a purchase, most online shoppers now read reviews ①written by previous customers rather than relying solely on advertisements. These reviews, posted by people who have no financial connection to the seller, often ②seem more trustworthy than promotional claims. Research shows that products with a large number of positive reviews ③sell significantly more than those with few or no reviews at all. However, fake reviews written by paid writers or even automated programs ④has become a serious problem, undermining consumer trust. To address this issue, several review platforms have begun ⑤using artificial intelligence to identify suspicious patterns.

Adaptive learning apps promise something no traditional classroom can easily offer: a lesson plan ① that adjusts itself to each individual student in real time. As a student answers practice questions, the app tracks which concepts are mastered and which remain shaky, then quietly ② reshuffles the next set of problems to target the weaker areas. Early studies suggest that this personalized pacing can help struggling students ③ catch up faster than a one-size-fits-all worksheet ever could. However, critics caution that an app cannot replace the encouragement, humor, and flexibility a human teacher brings to a lesson, especially when a student ④ frustrating rather than simply behind. There is also a subtler concern: students who grow used to instant, algorithm-generated feedback may struggle later with the slower, more ambiguous kind of feedback that real-world tasks and mentors typically ⑤ provide.

Many people believe that ①building a new habit requires strong willpower or motivation. However, psychologist BJ Fogg argues that habits form more easily when a behavior itself ②become simple to perform. His theory, called the Fogg Behavior Model, states that a behavior happens only when motivation, ability, and a prompt ③occur together. When motivation is low, the model suggests, the task must ④be made extremely easy, or it will not happen at all. For instance, a person who wants to exercise daily succeeds more often by committing to one push-up than to a long workout. Fogg calls this idea the law of least effort, since people naturally choose the option ⑤requiring the least energy.

As companies collect enormous amounts of personal data to improve their products and target advertisements, serious ethical questions ①have emerged about how that information should be handled. Employees who work with big data now face responsibilities ②that previous generations rarely encountered, since a single careless decision can expose millions of people's private information. Some argue that strict regulations should govern data collection, even if such rules ③slow innovation and increase costs for businesses. Others insist that self-regulation within companies, guided by clear ethical training, can ④protects consumers just as effectively without stifling progress. Universities have begun adding data ethics courses to computer science programs, ⑤recognizing that future employees will need to balance innovation with responsibility.

Many companies today advertise their products as environmentally friendly, yet not all of these claims are ①accurate. Consumers, who are increasingly ②concerned about climate change, often trust such claims without questioning them closely. As a result, they may pay ③higher prices for products that are no more sustainable than ordinary alternatives. Genuine environmental efforts, which usually require significant investment and long-term planning, are far more ④costly than simply changing a label. Therefore, governments should establish clear standards that require companies to prove their environmental claims with ⑤unverifiable data.

Daniel's career reflects how much the space industry has changed since he was a child. (A) As a result, he came to believe that opportunities in space exploration were no longer limited to a small number of government scientists. (B) By the time he entered university, private companies had begun launching satellites and building reusable rockets. (C) This shift eventually led him to join a startup developing lunar landing equipment, a job that barely existed when he first imagined his future.

For years, a small riverside village had suffered from flooding that grew worse with each passing summer. (A) In addition, several families whose houses stood in the most vulnerable areas relocated to higher ground, and the village installed an early warning system that sent alerts to residents' phones whenever river levels rose dangerously fast. (B) When a powerful storm struck three years later, the new measures proved effective, and the village suffered only minor damage instead of the devastating losses it had previously faced, becoming a model for neighboring communities. (C) Frustrated residents eventually decided to pursue climate adaptation, adjusting their infrastructure and habits to reduce the damage caused by increasingly unpredictable weather, and engineers began by widening the drainage canals surrounding the village so that excess rainwater could flow away more efficiently.

One of the clearest examples of this involves a specific protein that stimulates the growth of new brain cells. Exercise does far more than strengthen muscles and the heart; it also produces measurable changes within the brain itself. ( ① ) During sustained physical activity, the body releases a protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which supports the growth of new neurons and strengthens connections between existing ones, particularly in regions associated with memory and learning. ( ② ) Studies comparing physically active students to sedentary peers have repeatedly found that the active group performs better on tests of attention and problem-solving, even when the exercise session ends well before the test begins. ( ③ ) Researchers believe that exercise increases blood flow to the brain, delivering oxygen and nutrients more efficiently, while also reducing levels of stress hormones that can interfere with clear thinking. ( ④ ) Interestingly, aerobic activities such as running or swimming appear to produce more pronounced cognitive benefits than purely strength-based training. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: Not everyone, however, feels this financial burden equally, since household circumstances vary widely. The term green premium describes the extra cost that consumers must pay when they choose an environmentally friendly product or energy source over a conventional, cheaper alternative. ( ① ) For example, an electric vehicle or solar-powered appliance often carries a higher price tag than its gasoline-powered or coal-based counterpart, even though it produces fewer emissions over time. ( ② ) This price gap frequently discourages shoppers who support sustainability in principle but cannot justify the additional expense within a limited household budget. ( ③ ) In contrast, wealthier consumers can absorb the premium more easily, which creates unequal participation in green markets. ( ④ ) To narrow this gap, governments have introduced subsidies and tax credits that lower upfront costs, while companies invest in research to make clean technologies cheaper to manufacture. ( ⑤ ) As production scales up and innovation continues, many economists expect the green premium to shrink steadily, eventually making sustainable choices the more affordable option for most consumers.

Unlike a static list of best-sellers, this assistant can adjust its suggestions on the spot, responding to follow-up questions the way a knowledgeable salesperson might in a physical store. Browsing an online store today often means chatting with an AI assistant that asks a few quick questions, such as budget or intended use, before suggesting a short list of products tailored to the answers. ( ① ) Retailers report that shoppers who use these chatbots tend to complete purchases more often and return fewer items, since the guided conversation helps buyers choose products that actually fit their needs. ( ② ) Some shoppers, however, remain wary of how personal the questions can feel. ( ③ ) They wonder how much of that conversation is quietly stored and reused to influence future purchases. ( ④ ) Consumer advocates argue that stores should clearly explain what happens to this data, rather than burying the explanation in a lengthy privacy policy that almost no one reads. ( ⑤ )