영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Limited-edition products are goods that are released in small quantities for a ①short period of time. Many companies use this strategy because scarcity naturally ②decreases how much people desire an item. When consumers believe that a product will disappear soon, they often feel ③pressured to buy it immediately rather than wait. This excitement is ④intensified by social media, where people proudly share photos of items that others could not obtain. As a result, some shoppers later ⑤regret spending money on products they rarely use afterward.

Blue, for instance, is frequently used by financial and technology companies because it tends to evoke feelings of ①trust and stability. Green typically signals ②freshness or environmental responsibility, making it a popular choice for organic food brands. Despite these general patterns, cultural context matters significantly, since a color that suggests luck in one country might suggest ③mourning in another. Marketers who ④ignore these cultural differences risk sending ⑤intended messages to international audiences. For this reason, companies expanding into new markets often conduct extensive research before finalizing a logo's color scheme.

A navigation app calculating a route rarely relies on distance alone; instead, it constantly weighs real-time traffic reports, past congestion patterns, and even data from other drivers' phones currently on the road. This flood of information allows the app to reroute a driver away from a sudden accident within seconds. The convenience comes at a cost that few passengers consider, however. When thousands of drivers are simultaneously redirected onto the same shortcut, _______________, arguing that an algorithm optimizing for individual convenience can end up creating a new, entirely different problem for the wider community.

Team sports place athletes in a uniquely social form of competition, one where individual skill alone rarely determines the outcome of a match. Sports psychologists have long studied why some groups of talented individual players fail to perform as a cohesive unit while other, less individually skilled teams consistently exceed expectations. Trust among teammates appears to be a decisive factor, since _______________. Clear and consistent communication during high-pressure moments further reduces the hesitation and confusion that can unravel a team's coordination in front of a crowd.

Advertisements often rely on subtle psychological techniques that persuade viewers without their conscious awareness. One common method, known as social proof, shows images of many people using or enjoying a product, suggesting that its popularity guarantees quality. Another technique appeals to authority, featuring experts or professionals endorsing a product to make it seem more credible and trustworthy. Emotional appeals are equally common, connecting products with feelings such as happiness, nostalgia, or belonging rather than focusing on practical features. Repetition also plays a significant role, since seeing the same advertisement multiple times increases familiarity, which people often mistake for reliability. Researchers studying consumer behavior have found that ___________, since awareness disrupts the automatic psychological response advertisers depend on.

Breaking the bystander effect requires more than good intentions; it requires concrete action from those who witness cruelty online. (A) Simply reporting an abusive post to platform moderators, for example, can remove harmful content before it spreads further. (B) Even small gestures, such as privately messaging the victim with words of support, can reduce the isolation that targets of cyberbullying often feel. (C) Both of these actions demonstrate that individual witnesses possess more power to help than the bystander effect leads them to believe.

Skipping this final stage, even when an athlete feels fully recovered, dramatically increases the risk of re-injury, because general strength does not automatically translate into the specific coordination that a particular sport demands. Recovering from a serious sports injury involves far more than simply waiting for torn tissue to heal; it requires a carefully structured program that gradually reintroduces stress to the affected area. ( ① ) Immediately after an injury, rest and gentle range-of-motion exercises help prevent stiffness without disturbing the healing tissue. ( ② ) As pain subsides, therapists introduce light resistance training, slowly rebuilding strength in muscles that have weakened from disuse. ( ③ ) Progressing too quickly at this stage is a common mistake, since tissue that appears healed on the surface may still be structurally fragile beneath it. ( ④ ) Only after strength and flexibility approach pre-injury levels do specialists introduce sport-specific drills that mimic the exact movements an athlete will face in competition. ( ⑤ )

Static stretching, in which a muscle is held at its longest length for an extended period, can actually reduce the muscle's ability to generate explosive force immediately afterward. For decades, athletes were taught to stretch a muscle and hold the position before any competition, believing that this practice alone would prevent injury. ( ① ) Recent research, however, has complicated that assumption considerably. ( ② ) This is especially troubling for sprinters or jumpers who need maximum power right away. ( ③ ) Dynamic stretching, which involves controlled, repeated movement through a joint's full range of motion, appears to prepare muscles for activity without this temporary weakening effect. ( ④ ) As a result, many coaches now recommend saving static stretching for after a workout, while reserving dynamic movements for the warm-up period before intense effort begins. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: In other words, the promised environmental benefit is far less certain than it first appears. To compensate for their carbon emissions, many individuals and companies now purchase carbon offsets, financial credits that fund projects such as planting trees or building renewable energy plants. ( ① ) The idea is appealing: paying for an equivalent amount of carbon to be absorbed elsewhere should cancel out the harm caused by activities like flying. ( ② ) However, critics argue that this system often functions as a convenient excuse for postponing genuine emission cuts rather than achieving them. ( ③ ) For example, a newly planted forest may take decades to absorb the promised carbon, and it could later burn down or be cut, erasing any benefit. ( ④ ) Moreover, some offset projects would have happened anyway, meaning the credits fund nothing truly additional. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, relying heavily on offsets allows businesses to maintain harmful practices while appearing responsible. Experts insist that offsetting should complement, not replace, direct reductions in fossil fuel use if the strategy is to remain credible.

주어진 문장: In short, Fogg's model reminds us that ease of action, not sheer willpower, drives lasting behavior change. Many people believe that building a new habit requires strong willpower or motivation. ( ① ) However, psychologist BJ Fogg argues that habits form more easily when a behavior itself becomes simple to perform. ( ② ) His theory, called the Fogg Behavior Model, states that a behavior happens only when motivation, ability, and a prompt occur together. When motivation is low, the task must be made extremely easy, or it will not happen at all. ( ③ ) For instance, a person who wants to exercise daily succeeds more often by committing to one push-up than to a long workout. Fogg calls this idea the law of least effort, since people naturally choose the option requiring the least energy. ( ④ ) A student who wants to read more might leave a book open on the desk rather than setting a vague goal. By lowering the required effort, people reduce the ability barrier and make steady action far more achievable. ( ⑤ )