영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

In the late nineteenth century, the psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus undertook a rigorous investigation of forgetting ①by serve as his own experimental subject. He memorized thousands of meaningless three-letter syllables ②so that prior knowledge could not skew his results. After learning each list to perfection, he tested his retention at intervals ③ranging from twenty minutes to a month later. He recorded how many repetitions were required to relearn the material each time. The resulting curve revealed a consistent pattern. Forgetting proceeds rapidly during the initial hours following learning, then gradually ④decelerates until the rate of loss becomes almost imperceptible. Roughly half of the acquired information vanished within the first hour alone. Yet whatever survived that initial plunge tended to persist for much longer periods. Ebbinghaus further found that ⑤distributing study sessions across several days produced better retention than cramming the same repetition into one sitting.

Many students confuse the student council with school clubs. In fact, the two groups serve very different purposes. The student council is an ①official body that represents the whole school. It manages ②shared issues such as rules, events, and communication with teachers. For example, council members often organize the school festival. They also collect opinions from each class before making decisions. A club, in contrast, is a small group formed around one shared interest, such as music or art. While the council must consider the needs of every student, a club can focus ③narrowly on what its own members enjoy. Therefore, joining the council usually requires an election, whereas joining a club simply requires ④false interest. Some students eventually do both, using the council to build ⑤leadership skills and a club to develop a personal passion.

When Daniel was a child, he dreamed of becoming an astronaut, yet he assumed such careers belonged only to a handful of government scientists. By the time he entered university, however, the space industry had changed ①dramatically, as private companies began launching satellites and building reusable rockets. Daniel studied aerospace engineering, drawn to the idea that space exploration was no longer ②limited to a few national agencies. During an internship, he helped design a small satellite intended to ③monitor crop health from orbit. He realized that the space industry now needed not only pilots and engineers but also data analysts, technicians, and even lawyers familiar with international space regulations. After graduation, Daniel joined a startup developing lunar landing equipment, a job that ④barely existed when he first imagined his future career. His story shows how commercial space ventures have ⑤closed doors that once seemed impossibly narrow.

Before making a purchase, most online shoppers now read reviews written by previous customers rather than relying solely on advertisements. These reviews, posted by people who have no financial connection to the seller, often seem more ①trustworthy than promotional claims. Research shows that products with a large number of positive reviews sell significantly ②more than those with few or no reviews at all. However, fake reviews written by paid writers or even automated programs have become a serious problem, ③undermining consumer trust. Platforms that fail to detect these fraudulent posts risk ④gaining credibility with their users, who expect authentic opinions when making decisions. Ultimately, the power of online reviews depends entirely on their perceived ⑤honesty.

Many students think that reading a book quietly by themselves is ① enough, but book discussion classes add something that solo reading cannot provide. When students explain their ideas out loud, they often ② discover thoughts they did not even know they had. Teachers who use discussion classes report that students remember plot details and themes far ③ longer than students who only read silently and take a quiz afterward. This happens because talking about a book forces the brain to organize scattered impressions into a clear argument. Discussion also teaches students to listen ④ carefully, since they must respond directly to classmates instead of simply waiting for their own turn to speak. For these reasons, many schools are now adding weekly discussion sessions to their reading programs, even for short stories that used to be assigned only as ⑤ noisy homework.

Every brand has a history, but not every brand knows how to tell it well. (A) For example, a small shoe company once shared the story of its founder's grandfather, who had repaired shoes for workers in need. (B) Consequently, other companies began investing in storytelling as a core part of their marketing strategy. (C) Stories like this create emotional connections that plain advertisements rarely achieve on their own.

On the first day of our improv theater workshop, the instructor gave us a rule that seemed impossible to follow: never say no to whatever another performer suggests. (A) If a scene partner claimed the empty classroom was actually a submarine, our job was to accept that fact instantly and build on it, rather than correcting or rejecting the idea. (B) I found this terrifying at first, since improv offers no script to hide behind and no time to plan a clever line in advance. (C) Over several weeks, though, I noticed that the students who worried most about saying something wrong were usually the ones who froze on stage, while those who simply accepted whatever happened created the funniest scenes.

Sales events are far more psychologically calculated than they first appear. (A) A crossed-out original price, for instance, makes the discounted price seem like an exceptional deal, regardless of whether it truly is one. (B) Retailers rely on specific visual and verbal cues to make shoppers feel they are getting exceptional value. (C) Combined with phrases suggesting limited availability, these cues push customers toward faster, less deliberate purchasing decisions.

This happens because the eyes remain remarkably responsive to light even after darkness falls, cueing the brain that it is still daytime. Smartphones, tablets, and computer screens all emit a significant amount of blue light, a short-wavelength light that our eyes are especially sensitive to. ( ① ) During the day, exposure to blue light from the sun helps keep us alert and mentally sharp, which is generally beneficial. ( ② ) At night, however, the same wavelength can interfere with the body's natural preparation for sleep. ( ③ ) Specialized cells in the retina detect blue light and send signals to the brain's internal clock, suppressing the release of melatonin, the hormone that signals it is time to rest. ( ④ ) Studies have found that people who scroll through their phones in bed before sleeping take longer to fall asleep and experience lighter, more easily disrupted sleep than those who avoid screens. ( ⑤ ) Some devices now offer a night mode that shifts the display toward warmer tones, reducing blue light output in the evening. While this feature may help slightly, sleep researchers generally recommend limiting screen use altogether in the hour before bedtime for the best results.

주어진 문장: Many people, once they realize how much unused subscriptions cost them, feel genuine regret. The subscription economy refers to a business model in which consumers pay a recurring fee to access goods or services rather than owning them outright. ( ① ) This model has expanded rapidly beyond entertainment platforms into areas such as clothing, food, and even transportation. ( ② ) One major reason for this growth is convenience, since subscribers no longer need to make repeated purchasing decisions once they sign up. ( ③ ) However, some critics argue that subscriptions encourage people to pay for services they barely use, quietly draining their monthly budgets. ( ④ ) Because canceling often requires several steps, many consumers simply forget to end subscriptions they no longer need. ( ⑤ ) Consequently, experts recommend reviewing subscription lists regularly to avoid unnecessary expenses.