영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

As efforts to curb greenhouse gas emissions intensify, industries unable to eliminate carbon dioxide from their processes have turned to a technology ①known as carbon capture and storage. This technology involves ②separating carbon dioxide from the exhaust of power plants before it is released into the atmosphere, then transporting the captured gas for underground injection. Once injected into porous rock formations, the gas is trapped beneath layers of impermeable rock that ③prevents it from escaping into the air. Proponents argue that carbon capture and storage functions as a bridge technology, allowing heavy industries to keep operating while more sustainable alternatives are developed. For instance, cement and steel production, both of which ④release carbon dioxide as an unavoidable byproduct of chemical reactions, are considered prime candidates for this approach. However, critics contend that the technology remains prohibitively expensive and that building pipelines requires investments few companies make voluntarily. Despite such concerns, many governments continue ⑤funding pilot projects, convinced that this technology will play an indispensable role in reaching emission targets.

Sociologists use the term homophily ①to describe the tendency of people to form connections with others who share similar backgrounds, opinions, or interests. This principle explains why classmates from the same major often become close friends, while coworkers with shared hobbies naturally gravitate toward one another. Because similarity reduces the effort required to understand another person's perspective, relationships ②built on shared traits tend to feel comfortable and require less negotiation. However, this same comfort can narrow the range of viewpoints someone ③encounters, since surrounding oneself with similar people limits exposure to different ideas. Social media platforms intensify this pattern through recommendation algorithms that ④suggest new friends based on shared interests or similar browsing history. As a result, users often find their online circles becoming increasingly homogeneous, filled with people who think and behave much like themselves. Recognizing this tendency ⑤allow individuals to make deliberate efforts to broaden their social networks.

As nudging has moved from academic theory into widespread practice, a persistent ethical question has accompanied its rise: at what point ①does subtly guiding behavior for someone's own benefit shade into manipulation that undermines their capacity for autonomous choice? Proponents typically distinguish nudges from manipulation by pointing to transparency and reversibility, arguing that a legitimate nudge ②operate openly, can be easily resisted by anyone who wishes to opt out, and ultimately serves the interests of the person being nudged rather than the interests of whoever designed the intervention. Critics counter that this distinction often collapses in practice, since many effective nudges work precisely because they ③exploit cognitive processes operating below conscious awareness, meaning that the person being influenced may never fully register that a nudge is even occurring. A supermarket that arranges healthier foods at eye level, for instance, differs only in the direction of its influence, not in its underlying mechanism, from a supermarket that ④arranges the most profitable items at eye level. This tension suggests that the ethical status of a nudge cannot be evaluated by examining its psychological mechanism alone; instead, it must be judged according to the intentions of the party who ⑤designs it and the outcome that design is intended to produce.

More and more teenagers today dream of starting their own business someday. This growing interest is partly due to the internet, which makes it ①easy to reach customers without a physical store. Starting a small business also teaches skills that traditional classes rarely offer, such as ②managing money, marketing a product, and handling customer complaints. However, young entrepreneurs face real ③challenges too. Many lack enough money or experience to make their business grow quickly, and mistakes can feel ④encouraging at first. Still, most teen entrepreneurs say that failure taught them more than any success did, and schools now offer entrepreneurship clubs to support these ⑤beginners.

Choosing the right club can shape how a student feels about school life. Many first-graders join a club simply because their friends are joining it. However, experts suggest that personal ① interest should always come before friendship. A club that matches your interest keeps you ② motivated during a busy exam period. It also helps to think about how much time each club actually ③ requires. Some clubs meet only once a week, while others practice almost every day. Skill level matters too, since a few clubs accept only ④ inexperienced students. For this reason, most schools allow a short trial period before a final decision. During this period, new members can attend meetings without officially signing up. In the end, a good club should feel like a ⑤ comfortable break from academic pressure.

The Hillside Community Center is looking for student volunteers to help with its summer programs. This opportunity is ①open to all middle and high school students who can commit at least four hours per week. No prior experience is ②necessary, since training will be provided on the first day. Volunteers will receive an official certificate that can be used for school volunteer hour requirements. Because the number of positions is ③limited, early applications are strongly encouraged. This is a great chance to give back to the community while gaining valuable ④experience over summer vacation, so interested students should ⑤wait until the deadline to apply.

The Riverside Summer Festival returns this year with exciting programs for the whole community. (A) In the evening, visitors can enjoy live music performances and a spectacular fireworks show. (B) During the day, local farmers and small businesses will sell fresh fruits, snacks, and handmade crafts. (C) Since parking near the park is limited, visitors are encouraged to use public transportation.

Career aptitude tests come in many different forms today, and schools use them for various purposes. (A) Some tests focus on personality, asking students how they usually react in different situations. (B) Because of this variety, it is important to understand what each test actually measures before taking it. (C) Other tests focus on specific skills, such as logical thinking or verbal ability.

Convenience installed today, in other words, can quietly become control tomorrow. City governments increasingly market dense networks of surveillance cameras as a straightforward safety upgrade, promising faster emergency response and lower crime rates. ( ① ) In many cases, the technology delivers exactly what it promises, helping investigators identify suspects within hours rather than weeks. ( ② ) Yet the same infrastructure that catches criminals also creates a permanent record of where ordinary, law-abiding citizens go about their daily lives. ( ③ ) Once a camera network exists, its purpose can quietly expand, often without new public debate or explicit approval. ( ④ ) Civil liberties groups argue that a city should decide how much surveillance it wants before the cameras go up, not years afterward when the infrastructure is already impossible to remove. ( ⑤ )

Sometimes the leader also brings up a surprising detail that no one else noticed. Our school's book club, Page Turners, meets every Wednesday to discuss a book the members chose. ( ① ) At the start of each month, students suggest titles and vote to pick one. This way, everyone feels some ownership over what the club reads next. ( ② ) Before each meeting, members read several chapters and prepare a few questions. During the meeting, the leader opens discussion by asking a question about the story's main idea. ( ③ ) Then members take turns sharing their opinions, even when they disagree with each other. For example, students once argued for a long time about a character's difficult choice. ( ④ ) Such debates, though sometimes loud, help members understand different points of view. At the end of the semester, the club holds an event to recommend favorite books. ( ⑤ ) Through this process, reading becomes less like homework and more like a shared conversation.