영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

문제 1

Traditional economic models predict that a rational individual offered any positive sum of money, however small, should accept it without hesitation, since even a modest gain is preferable to ①receiving nothing at all. A simple experimental exercise known as the ultimatum game, in which one participant proposes how to split a sum of money and a second participant may either accept or reject the proposed division, consistently ②contradicts this prediction. When the proposer offers a division perceived as unfair, the second participant frequently rejects the offer entirely, leaving both parties with nothing rather than ③accepting an outcome viewed as insulting. This behavior indicates that individuals value fairness as an end in itself, sometimes willingly ④sacrificing material gain to punish perceived exploitation. Neuroscientific investigations complement this finding, revealing that unfair offers ⑤activates brain regions associated with disgust and negative emotion.

문제 2

When a beverage company launched a new flavor last summer, the marketing team faced a tight budget and needed a creative solution. Instead of relying on expensive television commercials, they designed a simple dance challenge and invited a handful of everyday users ①to post videos using the product. Within days, thousands of people began recreating the dance and tagging the brand, turning an ordinary product launch into a viral trend. Because participants created the content themselves, viewers found the videos far more entertaining than a traditional advertisement would have been. The company barely spent any money on production, yet the challenge ②reach millions of viewers across multiple platforms. Researchers later explained that the original challenge ③succeeded because it ④felt spontaneous and fun rather than obviously commercial. This case demonstrates that authenticity, not advertising budget, often ⑤determines whether a campaign truly resonates with audiences.

문제 3

Carbon neutrality refers to a state in which the amount of greenhouse gases a country or company releases into the atmosphere ①is balanced by the amount it removes, resulting in zero net emissions. Achieving this goal typically requires several sequential stages rather than a single sudden action. First, organizations attempt to reduce emissions directly ②by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. Next, they improve efficiency throughout their operations, ③minimizing the energy wasted during production and transportation. Only after these direct measures have been maximized do most organizations turn to offsetting, ④which involve funding projects like reforestation or carbon capture to compensate for emissions that cannot yet be eliminated. Critics argue, however, that some companies exploit offsetting too early, ⑤using it to avoid making genuine reductions. Therefore, experts insist that a credible roadmap must always prioritize actual emission cuts before relying on compensation.

문제 4

Some critics ①dismiss this approach as impractical, arguing that most people cannot afford to prioritize ethics over affordability in daily life. However, supporters point out that value-based spending does not require constant ②sacrifice; it often means buying fewer, higher-quality items rather than accumulating cheap goods that wear out quickly. This shift also encourages companies to improve their practices, since consumer demand increasingly rewards ③transparency and responsibility. For example, a clothing brand that openly shares its supply chain information may attract ④disloyal customers willing to pay slightly more. Ultimately, value-based consumption suggests that spending money is not merely an economic act but also a ⑤reflection of personal values.

문제 5

Starting a new diary or planner in January is easy, but keeping it useful all year is ①harder. This guide offers simple tips for using a planner to manage your New Year goals. First, write one ②clear goal at the top of each month so you always remember your main target. Second, break that goal into small weekly tasks instead of writing ③vague plans. Third, check your planner every morning and mark tasks as done when you finish them. Reviewing your notes every Sunday helps you notice patterns in your habits. Finally, do not worry if you skip a day, since staying ④careless matters more than being perfect. These habits can turn your planner into a ⑤powerful tool for reaching your goals.

문제 6

When summer vacation began, I decided to make a daily schedule so that I would not waste my free time. At first, my plan was too ①strict, with study sessions packed back to back and almost no breaks. After only three days, I felt exhausted and gave up on the schedule completely. My older sister recommended setting two or three main goals for each day rather than filling every single hour, which sounded much more ②relaxed. I also learned to include short breaks between tasks, since resting actually ③helps me focus better afterward. Since making these changes, I have been able to follow my schedule much more ④consistently, and my vacation has become both productive and ⑤stressful.

문제 7

A flexitarian is someone who mainly eats plant-based meals but occasionally includes meat or fish, unlike a ①strict vegetarian who avoids animal products entirely. This flexible diet has recently ②lost attention as a practical way to fight climate change, since raising livestock produces a ③significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions. Cattle, in particular, release large amounts of methane, a gas far more powerful than carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere. By replacing just a few meat-based meals each week with vegetables, grains, or legumes, individuals can ④noticeably shrink their carbon footprint without giving up meat completely. Nutritionists also emphasize that flexitarian eating is easier to maintain than full vegetarianism, because it allows flexibility rather than demanding absolute discipline. Therefore, many environmental groups now promote flexitarianism as a ⑤realistic first step, believing that gradual change, rather than sudden restriction, is more likely to spread widely across society.

문제 8

Last Saturday, the temperature outside reached almost thirty-eight degrees, so my family decided to stay indoors for the entire day. At first, I worried that staying inside would be ①boring, but we found several fun activities to enjoy together. In the morning, we visited a nearby indoor climbing gym, where I learned some basic climbing techniques from an ②instructor. After lunch, we went to a small museum that had a special exhibition, and my younger brother was especially ③excited to see the huge whale model hanging from the ceiling. In the afternoon, we played board games at a cafe. By the time we got home, I realized that indoor activities could be just as ④boring as outdoor ones, especially during a ⑤heatwave.

문제 9

Are you curious about capturing special moments around our school? The Photography Club is now looking for new members for this semester. We meet every Wednesday afternoon in Room 204, right after regular classes end. No experience is required, since senior members always _______________. Each month, we choose a simple theme and take pictures together around the campus. At the end of the semester, we hold a small exhibition to share our favorite photos. Members are also expected to bring their own camera or smartphone to every meeting. If you enjoy taking pictures or want to try something new, please visit our booth this Friday. Feel free to ask any current member if you have questions about joining.

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

①always bring extra cameras for beginners②prefer members who already own a camera③teach the basics of using a camera④ask new members to buy their own equipment⑤focus only on advanced photography skills

문제 10

**주어진 문장**: In practice, however, building such extensive networks demands years of planning and substantial financial resources. As solar and wind power expand rapidly across national grids, engineers face a challenge that receives far less public attention than the construction of the generating facilities themselves. ① Unlike conventional power plants, which can adjust their output to match demand at almost any moment, solar panels and wind turbines generate electricity only when sunlight or wind is available, producing supply that fluctuates constantly. ② This intermittency means that grid operators must balance supply and demand even when renewable output suddenly drops, such as when clouds cover a solar farm or wind speeds fall. ③ One proposed solution involves large-scale battery storage systems, which absorb surplus electricity generated during periods of high output and release it later when generation declines. Another approach relies on expanding transmission networks across wider regions, so that electricity generated in a sunny area can be redirected to places experiencing a shortfall. ④ Grid operators must therefore invest in infrastructure capable of accommodating this variability, rather than assuming renewable sources can simply replace fossil fuels without adjustment. ⑤ Without such investment, integrating renewable energy could paradoxically undermine the very reliability that modern electricity grids are expected to provide. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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